低龄未成年人核准追诉之实体条件探析——以限制性认定为立场  

The Analysis of the Substantive Conditions for Prosecution Approval of Young Juveniles--From the Perspective of Restrictive Identification

作　　者：李文庆 韩千 李正源 Li Wenqing;Han Qian;Li Zhengyuan(The People’s Procuratorate of Pingdu,Pingdu,266723,China;The People’s Procuratorate of Qingdao,Qingdao 266061,China;Law school,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]平度市人民检察院,山东平度266723 [2]青岛市人民检察院,山东青岛266061 [3]北京师范大学法学院,北京100875

出　　处：《铁道警察学院学报》2024年第5期51-56,共6页Journal of Railway Police College

摘　　要：对于低龄未成年人核准追诉条款,其实体条件应在限制性认定的立场下加以理解。出于体系解释的协调要求,对于罪行条件,应当坚持非包含拟制情形的罪行说立场,在罪行与结果条件的匹配问题上,应坚持单一对应说,仅将结果视为对故意伤害罪的限制条件,同时对于“特别残忍手段”的认定,应以对受害人造成异常剧烈痛苦且突破社会一般道德观念的容忍限度为标准。对故意杀人罪原则上没有结果限制,但其应属于足以被判处十年以上有期徒刑的非“情节较轻”情形。对于“情节恶劣”,在明确其功能定位乃在于实质性地判断刑事责任能力后,当以“可以证明行为人具有认知到行为之规范禁止性并能控制行为保持在合法轨道的能力”作为其考察要素的筛选标准,进而将考察范围限于责任要素、不法要素及部分特殊预防要素。The substantive conditions of the clause regarding the approved prosecution of young juveniles should be interpreted from the perspective of restrictive identification.To meet the requirements of systematic interpretation,the theory of criminal acts that excludes fictitious scenarios should be upheld for determining the conditions of criminal acts.Regarding the relationship between criminal acts and their consequences,the theory of single correspondence should be adopted.This means that the results specified in this clause serve only as restrictions for the crime of intentional injury,while the crime of intentional homicide is not subject to the requirement of harmful consequences.However,the latter should fall under the category of non-“minor”situations that warrant a sentence of more than 10 years’imprisonment.The identification of“particularly cruel means”should be based on whether the act causes extreme pain to the victim and exceeds the tolerance limits of general societal moral standards.As for“wicked circumstances”,after clarifying that its functional purpose is to substantively assess criminal responsibility,the criterion for evaluating its elements should be“whether it can be proven that the actor possesses the ability to recognize the normative prohibition of the behavior and to control the behavior within legal boundaries”.Consequently,the scope of investigation should be limited to elements of responsibility,illegality,and in part special preventive factors.

关 键 词：刑事责任能力 低龄未成年人 核准追诉 限制性认定 体系解释 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]