我国有色金属行业重金属废水处理技术研究现状和发展趋势  

Current situation and development tendency of non-ferrous metal heavy metal wastewater treatment in China

作　　者：邵立南 SHAO Linan(BGRIMM Technology Group,Beijing 100160,China)

机构地区：[1]矿冶科技集团有限公司,北京100160

出　　处：《矿冶》2025年第1期12-18,33,共8页Mining And Metallurgy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3904001)。

摘　　要：基于我国有色金属行业重金属废水污染源特征与处理技术需求的系统解析,通过对主流处理技术进行效能分析。结果表明,现行技术体系主要包括7类典型工艺:中和沉淀法(石灰—铁盐共沉淀工艺)、硫化沉淀法、电化学法、吸附法、离子交换法、膜分离法及生物处理法。阐明了行业技术发展趋势:(1)环保标准趋严驱动技术升级:推动废水处理技术向痕量重金属深度净化方向发展;(2)资源化技术方向转型:传统中和/硫化工艺存在化学污泥产生量高、二次污染风险及有价金属回收率低等瓶颈,倒逼技术范式向“污染物去除—有价资源回收”协同方向发展;(3)智能化治理模式创新:基于云端智控系统,正推动重金属废水处理向无人值守智慧化模式转型。Based on a systematic analysis of the characteristics of heavy metal wastewater pollution sources and the demand for treatment technologies in China's non-ferrous metal industry,an efficacy analysis of mainstream treatment technologies was conducted.The results indicate that the current technological system primarily includes seven typical processes:neutralization precipitation(lime-iron salt co-precipitation process),sulfide precipitation,electrochemical methods,adsorption,ion exchange,membrane separation,and biological treatment.The industry's technological development trends are clarified as follows:①Stricter environmental standards are driving technological upgrades,pushing wastewater treatment technologies towards the deep purification of trace heavy metals;②A direction shift in resource recovery technologies:traditional neutralization/sulfide processes face bottlenecks such as high chemical sludge production,risks of secondary pollution,and low recovery rates of valuable metals,forcing the technological paradigm to shift towards the synergistic direction of“pollutant removal and valuable resources recovery”;③Innovation in intelligent governance models:Cloud intelligent control system are promoting the transformation of heavy metal wastewater treatment towards an unattended intelligent mode.

关 键 词：有色金属 重金属废水 废水处理 废水处理技术 深度治理 资源化 无人值守 治理模式 

分 类 号：X752[环境科学与工程—环境工程]