中国工业绿色化发展:理论机制与实践  

Green development in China′s industrial sector:theoretical mechanism and practice

作　　者：刘艳红[1] LIU Yanhong(School of Economics,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学经济学院,北京102488

出　　处：《沈阳工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期22-33,共12页Journal of Shenyang University of Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：中国社会科学院智库基础研究项目(ZKJC240721);江西省社会科学基金“十四五”地区项目(21DQ35)。

摘　　要：工业绿色发展是绿色发展理念在工业领域的具体实践,是应对大国快速工业化所带来的生态环境挑战的必然选择。从理论层面看,工业企业的绿色转型主要受市场机制、政府规制与对外开放等因素影响。市场主要通过价格或市场主体的环保偏好等信号机制对企业绿色转型产生影响。政府规制一方面会增加企业遵循环保规制的成本,另一方面也可能促进企业技术创新,从而在实现绿色转型的同时提升自身竞争力。而对外开放则可能引发企业外迁以转嫁环保负担或提高其绿色低碳技术可得性,进而对其绿色转型产生双重影响。从实践层面看,自20世纪70年代以来,中国工业的绿色转型大体经历了工业污染末端治理、工业污染防治并重、新型工业化启动和工业高质量发展四个阶段,并取得了突出成就。现阶段仍面临工业绿色发展的结构性障碍难以在短期内消除、工业部门节能降碳压力进一步加大、绿色制造和服务能力仍总体偏弱等挑战。新时代新征程加快推动工业绿色发展,需要以增量发展推动存量改革,进一步发挥碳市场在促进节能降碳方面的积极作用,更好地发挥财税金融政策在优结构、促研发、助转型等方面的支持引导作用,以“数绿融合”加快科技应用与融合创新、增强工业绿色转型的技术推动力。Industrial green development represents a concrete practice prominent embodiment of the concept of green development in the industrial field,is an inevitable choice to address the ecological and environmental challenges posed by the rapid industrialization of large countries.From the theoretical perspective,the green transformation of industrial enterprises is mainly affected by the market mechanism,government regulation and opening up.The market mainly exerts an impact on the green transformation of enterprises through signal mechanisms such as the price or environmental preferences of market players.Government regulation,on the one hand,will increase the cost of enterprises complying with environmental protection regulations,and on the other hand,it may also promote technological innovation of enterprises to realize green transformation while improving their own competitiveness.Opening up to the outside world may enable enterprises to transfer the burden of environmental protection or improve the availability of green and low-carbon technologies,and then have a dual impact on their green transformation.From the practical level,since the 1970s,China′s industrial green transformation has generally gone through four stages:end-of-pipe treatment of industrial pollution,equal emphasis on industrial pollution prevention and control,the launch of new industrialization and high-quality industrial development,and has made outstanding achievements.At the present stage,the country still faces challenges in eliminating the structural obstacles of industrial green development in the short term,the increasing pressure of energy conservation and carbon reduction in the industrial sector,and the overall weak capacity of green manufacturing and services.On the new journey of the new era,accelerating industrial green development requires promoting stock reform through incremental development,further leveraging the positive role of the carbon market in facilitating energy conservation and carbon reduction,and better utilizing f

关 键 词：绿色发展理念 工业绿色发展 理论机制 中国实践 

分 类 号：F424.3[经济管理—产业经济]