中国欠发达县域的空间识别及其发展路径  

Spatial identification of underdeveloped counties in China and their development paths

作　　者：刘彦随[1,2] 杨林朋 郭远智 Liu Yansui;Yang Linpeng;Guo Yuanzhi(Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所/中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京101408

出　　处：《地理科学》2025年第2期239-253,共15页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重大项目(42293270)资助。

摘　　要：欠发达地区是不平衡、不充分发展的重要体现,也是推进中国式现代化面临的突出短板。本研究基于欠发达地区的科学认知,识别了中国欠发达县域的空间分布及其地域类型,提出了欠发达县域的发展路径,以期为建立健全欠发达地区常态化帮扶机制提供参考。研究发现:(1)作为人地关系负向演化的结果,欠发达地区是一个以经济欠发达为主要内容的相对地理概念,由此决定了对欠发达地区的识别宜采取“1+N”的方案。(2) 2022年,全国县域经济发展水平高值区主要分布在内蒙古和新疆的边境地区以及苏-浙-闽沿海地区,其背后的主导因素包括交通运输用地占比、受教育年限、城镇化率和第一产业增加值占比。(3)基于主导因素识别的部门欠发达县域包括交通欠发达县域、教育欠发达县域、城镇化欠发达县域和工业化欠发达县域,宜采取针对性措施补短板、强弱项。(4)经济欠发达县域主要分布在原集中连片特殊困难地区,可依据县域经济发展水平的主导制约因素将其划分为工业化和城镇化约束型经济欠发达县域、工业化约束型经济欠发达县域、教育和城镇化约束型经济欠发达县域、多要素相对约束型经济欠发达县域和多要素严格约束型经济欠发达县域5类,不同类型欠发达县域的常态化帮扶策略应立足其主导制约因素的组合,因地制宜、分类指导、分区实施。Underdeveloped regions are an important manifestation of unbalanced and insufficient development,as well as an outstanding shortcoming facing the advancement of Chinesestyle modernization.Based on the scientific understanding of underdeveloped regions,this study identified the spatial distribution and regional types of underdeveloped counties in China in 2022,and proposed development paths for underdeveloped counties,with a view to providing references for establishing and improving regularized support mechanisms for underdeveloped regions.Essentially,underdeveloped regions stem from the shortcomings of humanearth system and the incoordination and inadaptability among its elements,which include not only lagging economic development,but also shortcomings such as insufficient public service and lack of infrastructure.Therefore,it is it is appropriate to adopt the“1+N”program for the spatial identification of underdeveloped regions,i.e.,to diagnose different sectoral underdeveloped regions based on the identification of economically underdeveloped areas,and then to designate the types of underdeveloped regions.Spatially,county economic development level in 2022 showed obvious clustering characteristics,in which high-value counties were mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Delta,the Pearl River Delta,the periphery of provincial capitals and the energy-resource-rich areas in the Northwest.The estimation results of SDM and Geodetector show that the proportion of land used for transportation,years of schooling,urbanization rate,and the proportion of added-value of primary industry in GDP were the dominant factors affecting the regional differentiation of county economic development level.Therefore,sectoral underdeveloped counties include transportation-underdeveloped counties,education-underdeveloped counties,urbanization-underdeveloped counties and industrializationunderdeveloped counties.In accordance with the dominant constraints,their negative effects on county socio-economic development should be scientifica

关 键 词：经济发展水平 “1+N”方案 经济欠发达县域 欠发达地区 乡村地域系统 人地系统科学 

分 类 号：K902[历史地理—人文地理学]