中国城镇化及居住环境对老年人健康水平的影响研究  

Urbanization and living environment on the health status of the elderly population in China

作　　者：李宇珅 冯志昕 刘晔[1,2,3] 吴景豪 Li Yushen;Feng Zhixin;Liu Ye;Wu Jinghao(School of Geography and Planning,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006,Guangdong,China;Guangdong Key Laboratory for Urbanization and Geo-simulation,Guangzhou,510006,Guangdong,China;Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Public Security and Disaster,Guangzhou 510006 Guangdong,China;College of Architectural Science and Engineering,Guiyang University,Guiyang 550000,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广东广州510006 [2]广东省城市化与地理环境空间模拟重点实验室,广东广州510006 [3]广东省公共安全与灾害工程技术研究中心,广东广州510006 [4]贵阳学院建筑科学与工程学院,贵州贵阳550000

出　　处：《地理科学》2025年第2期290-302,共13页Scientia Geographica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42171196)。

摘　　要：快速的城镇化深度改变了中国地区社会经济发展格局,导致地区间居住环境配置的不均衡,对老年人的健康水平构成了风险。本文基于第七次全国人口普查数据,采用GIS空间可视化和Tobit回归模型,揭示了不同城镇化发展阶段各个地区老年人健康水平的空间格局,并分析了地市级和县区级行政单元的2个不同空间尺度下,城镇化率和居住环境对老年人健康的影响差异,同时考虑了两者的混杂影响。研究发现:①自评为健康的老年人的全国平均比例为87.25%,只有城镇化率超过76%的地区才达到或超过这个平均水平。②在全国地市级和县区级单元全样本模型中,城镇化率与老年人健康水平显著正相关,PM2.5质量浓度、绿量NDVI、地表温度、道路密度、人均建筑面积、医院床位数等因素均对老年人健康水平产生影响。③不同城镇化阈值的地区环境特征也会导致城镇化率与老年人健康水平影响关系的差异。④城镇化率具有调节效应,影响了地表温度、PM2.5质量浓度、道路密度和人均建筑面积等环境因素与老年人健康水平的相关关系。本研究为构建老年宜居环境提供了理论依据和决策参考。Existing research on the effects of regional urbanization on elderly health often fails to account for key environmental variables and lacks comparative analyses across different spatial scales.To bridge these gaps,this study examines the relationship between regional urbanization and elderly health,identifies critical environmental determinants,and conducts a multiscale spatial analysis.Drawing on data from the seventh national population census,this study employs GIS spatial visualization and Tobit regression models to investigate spatial patterns of elderly health across regions with varying levels of urbanization.The analysis differentiates between city-level and urban district/county-level regions,highlighting disparities in the effects of urbanization and living environments on elderly health while accounting for the confounding influences of multi-dimensional environmental factors.The findings reveal a clear spatial gradient in elderly health,with higher health levels observed in southeastern urban agglomerations compared to central and northern urban clusters.Nationally,the average proportion of selfreported healthy elderly individuals is 87.25%,with only regions exhibiting an urbanization rate above 76%surpassing this benchmark.Additionally,at both city and district/county levels,urbanization rates show a significant positive correlation with elderly health.Several environmental factors,including NDVI,water coverage,land surface temperature,road density,and per capita building area,are identified as positive predictors of elderly health,whereas PM2.5 concentration,the proportion of households without tap water,and the proportion of households without toilets exhibit significant negative associations.Notably,the impact of variables such as hospital bed availability,forest and grassland coverage,land surface slope,and the proportion of households without kitchens varies across spatial scales,underscoring the role of spatial granularity in shaping these relationships.Furthermore,the study finds that the rel

关 键 词：城镇化 城镇化率 居住环境 老年人健康水平 人口普查 

分 类 号：K901.3[历史地理—人文地理学]