刑法功能性扩张的人权法边界  

Boundary of Human Rights Law Regarding the Functional Expansion of Criminal Law

作　　者：王科 Wang Ke

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院

出　　处：《法学》2025年第2期51-65,共15页Law Science

基　　金：研究阐释党的十九届六中全会精神国家社科基金重点项目“弘扬社会主义法治精神研究”(22AZD058)的阶段性成果;国家留学基金资助(留金欧[2022]792)。

摘　　要：人权经历长期的历史发展,从一种哲学理念演进为自然权利,再成为国家社会建构之基础的基本权利被写入宪法。纵观人权法的发展脉络,自诞生之初它就一直是政治生活孜孜以求的终极目标,人权法在理论和实践上均具有共识性的高级法地位。现今社会转型的变革、风险社会的挑战,强化了社会主体通过法律保护自身利益的意愿。为应对这种现实需求,刑法的法益保护和犯罪预防功能被放大,刑法开始出现功能性扩张的态势。这种功能性扩张在立法和司法两个层面均冲击了人权法的高级法地位,因而必须将刑法扩张约束在人权法的合理框架内。比例原则因其对人权保障的重要作用和实操性强的实践特征,得以在人权法体系中占据主导地位。运用比例原则审查刑法扩张是人权法限制刑法边界的应有之义。而人权法的多元限制机制的贯彻完善,将促成“全过程人权”的实现。Human rights have evolved over a long period of time from a philosophical concept to a natural right,and then to the constitutional fundamental right that has become the basis for the construction of nations and societies.Throughout the development of human rights law,it has been the ultimate goal of political life since its inception.Human rights law has a consensus status of higher law in both theory and practice.Nowadays,society is facing the changes of social transformation and the challenges of risk society,and the scope of legal interests that need to be protected is rapidly expanding.In response to this realistic demand,the legal interest protection and crime prevention functions of criminal law have been amplified,and a functional expansion of criminal law has begun to emerge.This functional expansion has impacted the higher law status of human rights law at both the legislative and judicial levels.Therefore,the expansion of criminal law must be restrained within the reasonable framework of human rights law.The important role of the principle of proportionality in the protection of human rights and its specific characteristics of practicality make it occupy a dominant position in the human rights law system.Therefore,the principle of proportionality in reviewing the expansion of criminal law is the proper meaning of human rights law to limit the boundaries of criminal law.The implementation and perfection of the multiple restriction mechanism of human rights law will promote the realization of“whole-process human rights”.

关 键 词：人权法 高级法 刑法功能性扩张 比例原则 

分 类 号：D912.7[政治法律—法学] D914