社会相当性理论对法定犯的合理限制  

Reasonable Limitation of Theory of Social Equivalence on Statutory Offense

作　　者：童德华[1] Tong Dehua

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院

出　　处：《法学》2025年第2期83-97,共15页Law Science

摘　　要：在法定犯时代提倡社会相当性理论,有利于克服从行政规范或法益视角解释法定犯的不足,有利于实现对法定犯的合理限制,从而有效控制犯罪过度化危机。传统观点将法定犯与社会道德切割,其理据并不充分。法定犯与自然犯同样存在反道德性,而不同的是,它们在立法中所体现的道德性感知路线相反,前者是自上而下的,后者是自下而上的。社会相当性理论是实现法定犯道德评价的重要方式,它通过合理判断行为的实质违法性来限制法定犯。但社会相当性地位不限于此,它既可以作为刑法立法原理,也可以作为刑法解释原理,还可以作为法益的限制理论。刑法中的容许理论无法替代社会相当性的机能。社会相当性具有抽象性。就社会相当性明确性任务而言,可以从主体、经验、规范和历史四个视角加以限制。为了减少抽象性带来的问题,还可考虑在立法时确定社会相当性衍化规则,据此强化法定犯中行为社会相当性的衰败机理;在司法中确定附属规则,将社会相当性评价限定于存在法益侵害的场合。In the era of crime mala prohibita,advocating the theory of social appropriateness is conducive to overcoming the shortcomings of interpreting crime mala prohibita from the perspective of administrative regulations or interests protected by law,and is conducive to achieving reasonable restrictions on crime mala prohibita,thereby effectively controlling the crisis of over-criminalization.The traditional view separates crime mala prohibita from social morality,and its basis is insuficient.Crimes mala prohibita and crimes mala in se,both of them exhibit anti moral character.The difference is that they have opposite moral perception routes in legislation,the former is top-down and the latter is bottom-up.The theory of social appropriateness,is an important way to achieve moral evaluation of crime mala prohibita.It restricts crime mala prohibita by reasonably judging the substantial illegality of the behavior.However,the status of social appropriateness,is not limited to this.It can be used as a principle of criminal law legislation,a principle of criminal law interpretation,and a restriction theory of interests protected by law.The permissibility theory in criminal law cannot replace the function of social appropriateness.Social appropriateness is abstract.As far as the task of clarifying social appropriateness,it can be restricted from four perspectives:subject,experience,regulations and history.In order to reduce the problems caused by abstractness,it is also possible to consider establishing the derivative rules of social appropriateness,in the legislation,thereby strengthening the mechanism of the decline of social appropriateness of behavior in crime mala prohibita and establishing subsidiary rules in the justice to limit the evaluation of social proportionality to situations where there is infringement of interests protected by law.

关 键 词：法定犯 行政规范 社会相当性 容许理论 衍化规则 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]