由美国卫生系统药师协会全国药学实践调查探讨美国医院药学实践之发展  

Exploring the development of hospital pharmacy practice in the United States through American Society of Health-System Pharmacists'National Survey

作　　者：韩容[1] 赵志刚[1] HAN Rong;ZHAO Zhigang(Department of Pharmacy,Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院药学部,北京100070

出　　处：《临床药物治疗杂志》2025年第1期7-12,共6页Clinical Medication Journal

基　　金：北京药学会临床药学研究项目(LCYX-2022-24)。

摘　　要：美国卫生系统药师协会(ASHP)历年开展的全国药学实践调查为分析美国医院药学的发展提供了重要数据支持。通过文献检索和系统回顾方法,本文探讨了自20世纪60年代以来ASHP调查报告中的主要数据,并总结了该调查对美国医院药学政策制定、行业发展及教育改革的影响。调查内容涵盖了药学服务的组织管理、药师角色的演变、药物治疗管理、临床药学服务扩展、信息化技术应用及药房设备应用等多个维度。结果表明,医院药学服务已逐步从药物为中心向患者为中心转变,药师的角色也从传统的药物调配向参与治疗决策、药物治疗评估及患者健康管理等方面扩展。现代技术,如药物自动化分发、电子健康记录及计算机化药物订单录入系统,已广泛应用于医院药学领域。然而,仍存在一些挑战,如小型医院服务覆盖不足、药师资格认证流程不完善和药学技术人员短缺等问题。通过借鉴美国医院药学实践经验,国内医院药学可加速信息化建设,提升药师的临床能力,促进药学与多学科团队的协作,为患者提供更安全、高效、精准的药物治疗服务。The nationwide pharmacy practice surveys conducted by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists(ASHP)have provided critical data supporting the analysis of hospital pharmacy development in the United States.Through literature review and systematic analysis,this paper explores key data from ASHP survey reports since the 1960s and summarizes the impact of these surveys on hospital pharmacy policy-making,industry development,and educational reforms.The surveys cover various dimensions,including the organization and management of pharmacy services,the evolving role of the pharmacists,medication therapy management,the expansion of clinical pharmacy services,the application of information technology,and pharmacy equipment.The results indicate a gradual shift in hospital pharmacy services from a drug-centered to a patient-centered approach,with pharmacists'roles expanding beyond traditional drug dispensing to include participation in treatment decision-making,medication therapy assessment,and patient health management.Modern technologies,such as automated drug dispensing,electronic health records,and computerized physician order entry systems,have been widely adopted in hospital pharmacy practice.However,challenges remain,including insufficient coverage in small hospitals,incomplete pharmacist certification processes,and a shortage of pharmacy technicians.By leveraging on the experiences of U.S.hospital pharmacy practices,domestic hospital pharmacies can accelerate the adoption of information technology,enhance pharmacists'clinical capabilities,promote collaboration with multidisciplinary teams,and provide safer,more efficient,and precise medication therapy services for patients.

关 键 词：美国卫生系统药师协会 医院药学 药学服务 

分 类 号：R951[医药卫生—药学]