不同生长年份唐古特大黄根部土壤中真菌群落结构及多样性研究  

Studies on the Structure and Diversity of Fungal Community in the Root Soil of Rheum tanguticum in Different Growth Years

作　　者：刘汉成[1] 马怀义[1] 董刚[1] 侯明杰 马雄[1] LIU Hancheng;MA Huaiyi;DONG Gang;HOU Mingjie;MA Xiong(College of Chemistry and Life Science,Gansu Minzu Normal University,Hezuo 747000,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃民族师范学院化学与生命科学学院,甘肃合作747000

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2025年第2期81-89,共9页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：甘肃省教育厅青年博士基金项目(2021QB-122);2021年甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目(2021A-150,2021B-294);甘肃民族师范学院高层次人才启动计划项目(GSNU-GCCR-1902)。

摘　　要：目的:了解种植唐古特大黄对土壤微生态产生的影响。方法:利用高通量测序法研究了不同生长年份唐古特大黄根部土壤中真菌群落结构变化规律。结果:在4个不同生长年份唐古特大黄根部土壤中共获得1610个真菌操作分类单元(Operational taxonomic unit,OTU),隶属于11门33纲82目179科383属477种。其中子囊菌门(Ascomycota,47.40%~79.27%)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota,9.06%~37.99%)为优势菌门。α多样性指数在唐古特大黄生长同一年份的不同土层间无显著差异,但在不同年份间,第4年第1土层(D1)中Simpson指数和Shannon指数显著低于其他年份(P<0.05);蛋白酶活性(r^(2)=0.202,P=0.024)、pH(r^(2)=0.1912,P=0.036)和纤维素酶活性(r^(2)=0.1909,P=0.03)是影响真菌群落结构的主要因素,同时蔗糖酶、硝酸还原酶活性和MBP与MBN含量对真菌群落结构也有显著影响(P<0.05)。腐生营养型真菌是唐古特大黄根部土壤中的优势功能类群,但随着唐古特大黄生长年份的增加,腐生营养型真菌数量逐渐降低,而共生营养型真菌数量上升。结论:随着唐古特大黄生长年份的增加,不同菌群对土壤理化因素的响应,对唐古特大黄根系分泌的蒽醌类物质的耐受性差异,物种间竞争作用及群落结构发生了明显的变化。Objective:To understand the effects of planting Rheum tanguticum on soil microecology.Methods:The high-throughput sequencing method was used to study the changes of fungal community structure in the root soil of R.tanguticum in different growth years.Results:A total of 1610 fungal operational taxonomic units(OTUs)were obtained from the root soil of R.tanguticum in four different growth years,belonging to 477 species,383 genera,179 families,82 orders,33 classes and 11 phyla.The dominant phyla were Ascomycota(47.40%~79.27%)and Basidiomycota(9.06%~37.99%).There was no significant difference inαdiversity index among different soil layers in the same year,but Simpson index and Shannon index in the first soil layer(D1)of the fourth year were significantly lower than those in other years(P<0.05).Protease activity(r^(2)=0.202,P=0.024),pH(r^(2)=0.1912,P=0.036),and cellulase activity(r^(2)=0.1909,P=0.03)were the main factors affecting fungal community structure.Meanwhile,invertase,nitrate reductase activity and the content of MBP and MBN also had significant effects on fungal community structure(P<0.05).Saprotrophic fungi were the dominant functional groups in the root soil of R.tanguticum.However,with the increase of the growth year of R.tanguticum,the number of saprophytic fungi gradually decreased,while the number of symbiotic fungi increased.Conclusion:With the increase of the growth year of R.tanguticum,the response of different flora to soil physical and chemical factors,the tolerance difference of anthraquinones secreted by the roots of R.tanguticum and the competition between species,the community structure had changed significantly.

关 键 词：唐古特大黄 土壤 真菌 群落结构 

分 类 号：S18[农业科学—农业基础科学]