煤岩斜巷穿层掘进长短锚索协同支护及围岩控制机理研究  

Study on the Synergistic Support of Long and Short Anchor Cables and the Control Mechanism of Surrounding Rock in Cross-layer Tunneling of Coal and Rock Inclined Roadway

作　　者：尹博[1] 王睿[1] 张连昆 杨俊峰 李先峰 杨瑞宙 YIN Bo;WANG Rui;ZHANG Liankun;YANG Junfeng;LI Xianfeng;YANG Ruizhou(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Inner Mongolia University of Technology,Hohhot 010051,China;Nurhao Coal Mine of Hushi Coal Co.,Ltd.,Yijinhuoluo Banner,Erdos 017205,China;Shandong Energy Xinwen Mining Inner Mongolia Energy Group Co.,Ltd.,Erdos 016279,China;Inner Mongolia Coal Mine Design and Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot 010010,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古工业大学资源与环境工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [2]伊金霍洛旗呼氏煤炭有限责任公司淖尔壕煤矿,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017205 [3]山东能源新矿内蒙古能源有限责任公司,内蒙古鄂尔多斯016279 [4]内蒙古煤矿设计研究院有限责任公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010010

出　　处：《金属矿山》2025年第2期13-23,共11页Metal Mine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(编号:52264009);中国博士后科学基金项目(编号:2020M681773);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(编号:2020LH05006,2023LHMS05052);内蒙古自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(编号:JY20240024);2022年度内蒙古自治区本级引进人才科研支持项目(编号:DC2300001429)。

摘　　要：为解决浅埋多煤层斜巷穿层掘进过程中软硬复合顶板变形大、易离层、支护难等问题,以淖尔壕煤矿2-3煤辅运斜巷为工程背景,采用理论分析、数值模拟和现场实测相结合的研究方法,通过对比分析无支护和现有支护条件下巷道围岩塑性区及软硬复合顶板易离层区特征,发现现有支护参数下仍不能有效预防局部冒顶发生,为此提出了长短锚索协同支护优化设计方案。结果表明:煤岩斜巷穿层掘进中,当距离软硬复合顶板较近时,巷道受剪切破坏与张拉破坏共同作用,导致围岩塑性区探入顶板离层区内,极易引发冒顶。另外,按照等长锚索布置时,虽可提高支护效果,但塑性破坏区范围未完全处于锚杆、锚索的锚固范围内,仍存有冒顶事故发生可能。根据斜巷掘进层位与局部冒顶易发区的复合顶板特征将现有支护的等长锚索布置方式变为长、短锚索相间布置后,顶板下沉量进一步减小至40 mm,塑性区范围处于锚杆、锚索支护范围内。长短锚索协同支护优势在于长锚索锚固端若处不稳定岩层,则以短锚索补强,确保始终存在锚固与稳定岩层中的锚索。从而有效控制围岩,防止冒顶事故的发生。结合现场监测分析结果,巷道围岩变形明显减小,稳定性升高,可以有效地提高巷道的稳定性和安全性。研究结果将为巷道围岩稳定性分析及巷道穿层支护设计提供参考依据。In order to solve the problems of large deformation of soft and hard composite roof,easy separation and difficult support in the process of cross-layer excavation of inclined roadway in shallow buried multi-coal seam,taking the 2-3 coal auxiliary transportation inclined roadway of Naoerhao Coal Mine as the engineering background,the research method of combining theoretical analysis,numerical simulation and field measurement is adopted,by comparing and analyzing the characteristics of plastic zone of roadway surrounding rock and easy separation zone of soft and hard composite roof under no support and existing support conditions,it is found that the existing support parameters still cannot effectively prevent the occurrence of local roof fall,therefore,the optimal design scheme of long and short anchor cable collaborative support is proposed.The results show that:coal rock inclined roadway in the layer tunneling,when it is close to the soft and hard composite roof,the shear damage and tension damage of the tunnel work together,resulting in the plastic area of the surrounding rock into the roof layer zone,which is easy to cause the roof.In addition,when arranged according to the equal-length anchor cable,although the support effect can be improved,the plastic damage area is not completely within the anchorage range of the bolt and anchor cable,and there is still the possibility of jacking accidents.According to the characteristics of the composite roof of the inclined roadway and the layout of the inclined roof is changed into long and short anchor cables,the roof subsidence is further reduced to 40 mm,the plastic area is within the range of bolt and cable support,the advantage of cooperative support of long and short anchor cable is that if the anchor end of the long anchor cable is in unstable rock layer,the short anchor cable is strengthened to ensure that the anchor cable is always anchored and stable in the rock layer.So as to effectively control the surrounding rock and prevent the occurrence of roof breaking

关 键 词：浅埋多煤层 穿层掘进 围岩变形 局部冒顶 协同支护 

分 类 号：TD353[矿业工程—矿井建设]