灌浆结实期高温与干旱对水稻穗上不同部位结实特性的影响  

High Temperature and Drought during Grain Filling Period on Seed Setting Characteristics of Different Rice Panicle Parts

作　　者：佟卉 许高平 张融雪 路信 孙林静 刘学军 TONG Hui;XU Gao-ping;ZHANG Rong-xue;LU Xin;SUN Lin-jing;LIU Xue-jun(Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院,天津300384

出　　处：《山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期119-124,共6页Journal of Shandong Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition

摘　　要：为探明灌浆结实期高温与干旱对水稻穗上不用部位结实特性的影响。2018年盆栽种植5优360(杂交粳稻)和津稻179(常规粳稻),于抽穗期设置4个处理:(1)对照,设置温度与室外相同;(2)高温胁迫,每天10:00-14:00设置温度为37.5℃,其他同对照;(3)干旱胁迫,温度设置同对照,同时使土壤水势保持在(−30±5)kPa;(4)高温干旱复合胁迫,于高温处理的同时进行干旱处理。考察灌浆结实期高温胁迫、干旱胁迫、高温干旱复合胁迫对水稻穗上不用部位结实特性的影响。结果表明,高温、干旱、高温干旱复合胁迫均通过增加穗下部的空、秕粒率,以及增加一次枝梗、二次枝梗第2粒、第3粒的空、秕粒率,从而使结实率下降。高温干旱复合胁迫对结实率的影响最大。To investigate high temperature and drought on the seed setting characteristics of different parts of the rice panicle during the grain filling and filling period.In 2018,5 You 360(hybrid japonica rice)and Jin Dao 179(conventional japonica rice)were planted in pots.Four treatments were set during the heading stage:(1)Control,with temperature set the same as outdoor;(2)High temperature stress,the temperature was set at 37.5℃ from 10:00 to 14:00 every day,and the others conditions were the same as the control;(3)Drought stress,the temperature setting was the same as the control,while maintaining soil water potential at(−30±5)kPa;(4)Combined high temperature and drought stress:conducting drought treatment simultaneously with high temperature treatment.Observe the effects of high temperature stress,drought stress,and combined high temperature and drought stress during the grain filling period on the seed setting characteristics of different parts of rice panicle.The results showed that high temperature,drought,and combined high temperature and drought stress all decreased the seed setting rate by increasing the percentage of empty and unfulfilled grains in the lower part of ear and the percentage of empty and blighted grains in the second and third grains of the primary and secondary branches.The combined high temperature and drought stress had the greatest effect on the seed setting rate.

关 键 词：水稻 高温 干旱 空粒率 秕粒率 

分 类 号：S-3[农业科学]