行间生草对苹果园土壤养分与果实产量及品质的影响  

Inter-row Grass Sowing on Soil Nutrients,Fruit Yield and Quality in Apple Orchards

作　　者：陶江 王宇桃 柳羽 王秀 叶彦辉[1] 李巍 顾方玉 韩艳英[1] TAO Jiang;WANG Yu-tao;LIU Yu;WANG Xiu;YE Yan-hui;LI Wei;GU Fang-yu;HAN Yan-ying(College of Resources and Environment/Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi 860000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院资源与环境学院,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《山东农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期133-140,共8页Journal of Shandong Agricultural University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：西藏自治区科技计划重大专项(XZ202101ZD003N);西藏农牧学院研究生教育创新计划项目(YJS2024-34);西藏自治区级大学生年自治区级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(2024)林芝市科技计划项目(2023-XYQ-006)。

摘　　要：为探讨行间生草栽培对西藏林芝果园土壤养分特性及果实品质的影响,本研究于2021年在当地苹果园中选用多个草种进行单播或混播种植试验,以评估不同生草处理对土壤养分含量、果实产量及品质的具体影响。研究结果显示,在连续两年的观测中,紫花苜蓿单播(T4)处理显著增加了土壤碱解氮、全氮含量,与自然生草(CK)相比,2022年和2023年分别提高17.36%、20.83%和15.17%、41.98%;箭筈豌豆与燕麦混播(T3)处理显著提高了土壤速效钾含量,2022年和2023年分别较CK提高13.38%和53.02%。此外,生草处理对土壤有效磷和有机碳含量的影响在两年间显示出不一致的显著性,2023年与2022年相比,7种生草处理的土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机碳含量总体呈下降趋势。在果实品质方面,人工生草处理显著提高了苹果的单株产量、单果重,紫花苜蓿单播处理单株产量最高,2022年和2023年分别较CK增产54.69%和26.65%。2023年与2022年相比,各生草处理的产量均有不同程度的提高。尽管生草模式对果实形状、硬度的影响两年间显著性不一致,对维生素C含量的影响不显著,但混播(T3、T6)处理在提高果实可溶性固形物含量和固酸比值方面较单播表现较好,有效提升了果实的风味与品质。综上,在西藏林芝苹果栽培区域,采用紫花苜蓿单播的生草模式有望进一步优化果园的生态效益和经济效益。To investigate the effects of inter-row grass cultivation on soil nutrient characteristics and fruit quality in Linzhi orchard,Xizang,this study conducted single or mixed cropping experiments with multiple grass species in local apple orchards in 2021,aiming to assess the specific impacts of different grass cover treatments on soil nutrient content,fruit yield,and quality.The results showed that over two consecutive years of observation,the single sowing of white clover(T4)significantly increased soil alkaline nitrogen and total nitrogen content,with increases of 17.36%and 20.83%in 2022 and 15.17%and 41.98%in 2023 compared to the natural grass cover(CK).The mixed sowing of vetch and oat(T3)significantly enhanced soil available potassium content,with increases of 13.38%and 53.02%in 2022 and 2023 compared to CK.Additionally,the effects of grass cover treatments on soil available phosphorus and organic carbon content showed inconsistent significance over the two years,with a general downward trend observed for soil alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and organic carbon contents among the seven grass cover treatments in 2023 compared to 2022.In terms of fruit quality,grass cover treatments significantly increased individual tree yield and fruit weight of apples,with the white clover single sowing treatment(T4)achieving the highest individual tree yield,increasing by 54.69%and 26.65%in 2022 and 2023,respectively,compared to CK.While the significance of the impact of grass cover treatments on fruit shape and firmness was inconsistent over the two years,and there was no significant effect on vitamin C content,mixed sowing treatments(T3,T6)outperformed single sowing in increasing fruit soluble solids content and solid-acid ratio,effectively enhancing fruit flavor and quality.In conclusion,the single sowing of white clover as a grass cover treatment has the potential to further optimize the ecological and economic benefits in the apple cultivation area of Linzhi,Tibet.

关 键 词：果园生草 养分含量 果实品质 苹果园 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]