美国本科招生“整体评价”:学理溯源、实施及对创新人才培养的重要性  

A Holistic Review of American Undergraduate Admissions:Theoretical Examination,Implementation,and Significance for Innovative Talent Education

作　　者：常桐善 廖旭梅[3] CHANG Tong-shan;LIAO Xu-mei(Xian Eurasia University,Xi'an,Shaanxi,710065;Office of the President,University of California,USA;School of Political Science and Public Administration,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei,430072)

机构地区：[1]西安欧亚学院,陕西西安710065 [2]加州大学校长办公室,美国 [3]武汉大学政治与公共管理学院,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《清华大学教育研究》2025年第1期98-108,共11页Tsinghua Journal of Education

基　　金：湖北省普通高等学校人文社会科学重点研究基地——大学生发展与创新教育研究中心开放基金“拔尖计划学生自我主导能力发展与评估研究”(DXS2021014)。

摘　　要：美国顶尖研究型大学在招生中普遍采用“整体评价”制度,以全面考量学生的综合素质与能力。该制度的学理基础源于哲学的整体思想、心理学的格式塔理论和多元智能理论,以及教育学的整体学习和评价理论。在“整体评价”过程中,评审人员综合考虑学生的家庭背景、高中和成长社区环境,以及学生发展过程中能够获得的有效学习资源、机会和面临的挑战,运用多种方式对学生的认知和非认知能力进行综合评价。“整体评价”的目的是通过深入分析学生在多种因素交叉影响下的成长轨迹与学业成就,更科学地识别和选拔具有较强发展潜力的学生。这一制度符合创新人才培养的教育规律,有助于塑造整体教育理念,并推动教育强国建设和社会进步。Top research universities in the United States often adopt a holistic review process in undergraduate admissions to evaluate applicants'overall qualities.This approach is grounded in the theoretical frameworks of philosophical holistic thought,Gestalt psychology,multiple intelligences theory,and holistic learning and assessment models in education.In this holistic review process,admission readers assess applicants'cognitive and non-cognitive abilities,achievements,and personal development in the broader context of their family background,school and community environments,available learning resources and opportunities,and challenges.This review process aims to identify and admit applicants who have strong potential for future success by examining the interconnectedness of multiple factors and their influence on an applicant's growth and accomplishments.Moreover,holistic review aligns with the educational principles of fostering innovative talents,helps shape values of holistic education,and contributes to the development of national education power and society progress.

关 键 词：本科招生 整体评价 创新人才培养 

分 类 号：G647.32[文化科学—高等教育学]