宗教中国化视阈下章嘉二世奉康熙旨意进京原因探析  

Exploring the Historical Reasons for the Second Changkya's Journey to Beijing under Emperor Kangxi's Order from the Perspective of the Sinicization of Religion

作　　者：拉勒达 尕藏项本 La Le Da;Skal Bzang Dbang Vbum(School of Marxism in Hexi University,Zhangye,Gansu 734000)

机构地区：[1]河西学院马克思主义学院,甘肃张掖34000 [2]西藏昌都市第六高级中学,西藏昌都854085

出　　处：《青海民族大学学报(藏文版)》2024年第4期1-12,共12页Journal of qinghai minzu University:Tibetan Version

基　　金：河西学院科研启动项目“藏族禄仪式的综合研究”(批准号:KYQD2020061)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1642年,五世达赖喇嘛借助蒙古固始汗的势力,成功建立了西藏地方政府。与此同时,清政府于1644年迁都北京,开始实施自己的统治。当时,格鲁派在蒙藏地区的影响力极大。为了安定边疆、统一全国,清政府深知必须依靠格鲁派才能加强对蒙藏地区的管控。同样,西藏地方政府与格鲁派为了巩固和发展自己的势力,也离不开蒙古和清政府的支持。因此,其间形成了一种相互依存的密切关系。在此背景下,康熙帝召请学识渊博的章嘉二世进京任职。这一举措为章嘉二世转世系统及格鲁派与清政府间的密切关系的建立奠定了坚实的基础,并对清中央政府与蒙藏地方势力的关系,以及满、蒙、藏、汉等民族间的关系产生了深远的影响。在这一过程中,格鲁派依靠朝廷的力量进一步扩大了自身的影响力,而清政府则通过格鲁派的宗教影响力,不断加强了其在蒙藏地区的统治。这种出于政治和宗教目的的关系,在一定程度上促进了藏传佛教在多民族中的广泛传播和发展,使其呈现出“入乡随俗”的特点。同时,在传播过程中藏传佛教也吸收了其他民族文化的因素,进而加速了藏传佛教中国化的进程。文章采用历史文献法,参考《章嘉二世·阿旺罗桑却丹传》及相关文献和研究成果,对章嘉二世进京任职清朝的历史原因进行了探析。In 1642,the Fifth Dalai Lama of the Geluk School,with the support of the Mongolian Gushi Khan,successfully established the Tibetan local government.Meanwhile,in 1644,the Qing Dynasty relocated its capital to Beijing,initiating its rule over the entire China.At that time,the Geluk School and its religious leaders held immense influence in the Mongolian and Tibetan regions.To stabilize the border areas and unify China,the Qing emperor recognized the necessity of relying on Geluk School and its eminent monks in Tibet.Similarly,the Tibetan local government and the Geluk School,in order to consolidate and expand their own influence,is also inseparable from the support of the Mongolian and Qing emperors.Consequently,a mutually dependent and intimate relationship,akin to fish and water,formed between the Geluk School in Tibet and Mongolia as well as the Qing emperor,making it inevitable for them to establish close and extensive ties with each other.Against this trend of social and historical development,the Qing emperor invited Second Changkya to serve in the Qing court in Beijing.This initiative laid a solid foundation for the reincarnation system of the Second Changkya and the relationship between Tibetan Buddhist leaders and the Qing court,exerting a profound influence on the relations between the Qing central government and the local forces in Mongolia and Tibet,as well as on the relations among the Manchu,Mongolian,Tibetan,and Han peoples.During this process,Tibetan Buddhist leaders further expanded their influence with the support of the imperial court,while the Qing emperor leveraged the religious influence of Tibetan Buddhist leaders to strengthen its rule in Mongolia and Tibet.This relationship,driven by political and religious purposes,promoted the widespread dissemination and development of Tibetan Buddhism among different ethnic groups,allowing it to adapt to local customs.In turn,Tibetan Buddhism,during its dissemination,absorbed elements of multinational cultures,accelerating the process of its sinicizatio

关 键 词：章嘉二世 清政府 藏传佛教 

分 类 号：K24[历史地理—历史学]