从苯教史籍《赛米经》看藏族古代婚俗仪式及思想  

Observing the Ancient Tibetan Wedding Customs,Rituals,and Thoughts from Historical Book“Gzer Mig”

作　　者：南杰 阿旺嘉措[1] Snyan Bzang Rnam Rgya;Ngag Dbang Rgya Mtsho(Center for Studies of Ethnic Minorities in Northwest China of Lanzhou University,Lanzhou,Gansu 730000)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学西北少数民族研究中心暨历史文化学院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《青海民族大学学报(藏文版)》2024年第4期90-103,共14页Journal of qinghai minzu University:Tibetan Version

摘　　要：婚俗承载着古老的宗教仪式、交际礼仪、民俗风情等内容。《赛米经》作为苯教祖师辛饶·米沃的中编本传记,其大部分内容的创作年代可追溯至十一世纪。其不仅在苯教的发展中起到承上启下的作用,在藏族社会文化研究中也是重要文献之一。《赛米经》第二章指出“纳苯”(sna bon)为藏族古代婚俗中专门主持宗教仪轨的苯教祭司,该词不仅出现在敦煌写卷中,在《贤者喜宴》等史籍记载松赞干布迎娶文成公主之时“纳苯”作为祭司进行“招央(gyang vbod)”“系神(lha’dogs)”等仪式,至今民间仍遗存有“纳苯”及其相关仪式的活态传承。通过对该文献中所见新郎新娘的改名习俗、招央、解神、系神等仪式的考证,探讨了其宗教和社会功能、挖掘了其象征意义及蕴含的文化思想,认为《赛米经》所载婚俗故事对了解和研究吐蕃时期的社会文化具有重要的学术价值和参考意义。Marriage ceremonies carry ancient religious rites,social etiquette,folk customs and so on.The marriage ceremonies of the Tibetans have a long history,numerous procedures,grand ceremonies,diverse forms,rich content,deep cultural heritage and remarkable regional characteristics.Gzer Mig is a biography of Gshen Rab Mi Bo,the founder of Yungdrung Bon,which dates to the eleventh century CE.Through the interpretation and analysis of the wedding story in the second chapter of the Gzer Mig,this paper points out that Sna Bon in this literature is a Bon priest who specialized in presiding over the religious rituals in the ancient marriage ceremony in Tibet.The term Sna Bon as a priest first appeared in the old Tibetan manuscript from Dunhuang,also in Mkhas Pa’i Dga’Ston and other historical literature recorded the Sna Bon presided over the wedding ceremony during the reign of Songtsen Gampo,and even in folk traditions of modern times there are still Sna Bon and its related rituals.In addition,this paper examined the ceremonial process,functions and symbols of ancient weddings,and its cultural significance as reflected in the Gzer Mig.It is believed that their cultural information is of great academic value and reference significance to the understanding and study of society and culture during the Tubo period.

关 键 词：《赛米经》 婚俗故事 宗教仪式 民俗价值 

分 类 号：K892.22[历史地理—民俗学]