近来发现于西藏山南地区的《婚书》及相关问题研究  

A Brief Discussion on the Recently Discovered Marriage Contract in Lhoka

作　　者：嘎玛格列 巴尔卡·阿贵 Karma Geleg;Bar Kha Ngag Dkon(Party School of the Lhasa Municipal Committee of CPC,Lhasa,Xizang 850000;Institute of the Community for the Chinese Nation in Tibet University,Lhasa,Xizang 850000)

机构地区：[1]中共拉萨市委党校,西藏拉萨850000 [2]西藏大学中华民族共同体研究院,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《青海民族大学学报(藏文版)》2024年第4期104-116,共13页Journal of qinghai minzu University:Tibetan Version

摘　　要：在研究藏族传统婚俗的文献资料中,以公开形式发布的《婚书》文献较为少见。现有的研究成果中,也普遍缺乏对完整《婚书》的详细介绍与深入分析。因此,每一份《婚书》的发现都具有重要的学术价值,为研究藏族传统婚俗提供了独特的视角。近期,研究者发现了一份来自西藏山南市洛扎县的《婚书》,其中记载了一户富裕农牧家庭与浪卡子雅卓地区一位噶厦马官子女之间缔结婚姻的详细情节。《婚书》中涵盖了诸多与藏族传统婚俗密切相关的重要内容,包括定亲仪式、嫁妆的种类与分配、婚后双方的权责分配、离婚的处理方式、证婚人的角色与职责,以及嫁妆财物货币化的体现等。这份《婚书》内容详实,不仅展示了婚姻双方家庭在缔结婚姻过程中涉及的经济与社会交往细节,还揭示了传统农牧区婚姻制度背后的文化逻辑与社会规范。这为研究人员从制度、经济、文化等多维度理解藏族传统婚俗提供了依据。除较为全面地介绍了《婚书》内容外,还对其所载的内容进行初步探讨。作为一种弥足珍贵的文献资料,这份《婚书》的发现为深化对西藏传统婚俗的研究提供了重要参考。In the study of Tibetan traditional marriage customs,publicly available marriage contracts are relatively rare.Existing research outcomes also generally lack detailed introductions and in-depth analyses of complete marriage contracts.Therefore,the discovery of each marriage contract holds significant academic value,providing a unique perspective for studying Tibetan traditional marriage customs.Recently,researchers uncovered a precious marriage contract from Lhodrag County,Lhoka City.This marriage contract records the detailed circumstances of a marriage alliance between a wealthy farming and herding family.Through analysis of this marriage contract,researchers have found that it encompasses numerous important aspects closely related to Tibetan traditional marriage customs,including engagement ceremonies,types and allocation of dowries,division of rights and responsibilities after marriage,arrangements for divorce,the role and duties of witnesses,and the monetization of dowry items.This marriage contract is detailed and comprehensive,not only illustrating the economic and social interactions between the two families during the process of forming a marital union but also revealing the cultural logic and social norms underpinning the traditional marriage system in farming and herding areas.It provides valuable primary resources and research references for understanding Tibetan marriage customs from institutional,economic,and cultural dimensions.This article not only introduces this rare marriage contract in a relatively comprehensive manner but also conducts a preliminary exploration of its contents.As a valuable piece of documentary evidence,the discovery and study of this marriage contract offer critical references for deepening the understanding of Tibetan traditional marriage customs.

关 键 词：《婚书》 婚俗 嫁妆 离婚 证婚人 

分 类 号：K892.22[历史地理—民俗学]