藏语鼻韵尾音在金沙江沿岸康方言中的演变——以巴塘县热思土语为例  

The Evolution of Tibetan Nasal Coda in Kham Dialect along the Jinsha River——A Case Study of the Raser Dialect in Batang County

作　　者：泽仁拉姆 Tshering Lhamo(Institute of Linguistics in Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学语言研究所,上海200234

出　　处：《青海民族大学学报(藏文版)》2024年第4期163-178,共16页Journal of qinghai minzu University:Tibetan Version

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目“三大‘民族走廊’的多民族语言交融研究”(项目编号:23&ZD317)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：文章以热思土语元音音变作为个案,历时层面与书面藏语比较,共时层面与金沙江沿岸康方言(以下简称康方言)比较。分析热思土语中鼻音韵尾的弱化和脱落对元音舌位演变的影响,认为热思土语元音音变的主要方式是条件音变。再延伸至卫藏方言、安多方言中鼻韵尾音对元音的影响为参照,突出康方言元音音变的自身特点,解释和归纳其音变规律,如书面藏语-ŋ和-n在康方言中的脱落使得其前面的中、低元音的舌位变高,并且这种演变在康方言中较为彻底,但元音的低化在目前我们调查范围的方言中比较少见。书面藏语鼻音韵尾在康方言中的弱化和脱落使得其前面的元音舌位变高、变低,进而向合并演化。康方言中存在这样一种合并音变规则:-ŋ韵尾前的元音合并规则为(a、o、u>õ、u;e、i>i/_-ŋ),即在-ŋ韵尾前元音a、o、u合并为õ、u,元音e和i合并为i,这种音变是康方言语音系统的重要特征之一。This article takes the vowel sound changes in the Raser dialect as a case,comparing it diachronically with written Tibetan and synchronically with Kham dialect along the Jinsha River(hereinafter referred to as Kham dialect).It analyses the impact of the weakening and loss of nasal codas on the evolution of vowel tongue positions in the Raser dialect,and contends that the primary mode of vowel sound changes in the Raser dialect is conditional sound change.Furthermore,by extending to the influence of nasal codas on vowels in the U-Tsang dialect and the Amdo dialect as references,it highlights the distinctive characteristics of vowel sound changes in the Kham dialect and elucidates and summarizes its sound change rules.For example,the loss of-ŋand-n in Kham dialect from written Tibetan leads to the elevation of the tongue positions of the preceding mid and low vowels,and this evolution is more thorough in the Kham dialect.However,the lowering of vowels is relatively rare in the dialects within our current investigation scope.The weakening and loss of nasal codas in written Tibetan in Kham dialect cause the preceding vowels to rise or fall and then converge.There exists such a convergence sound change rule in Kham dialect:the vowel convergence rule before the-ŋcoda is(a,o,u>õ,ũ;e,i>ĩ/_-ŋ#),that is,the vowels a,o,u before the–ŋcoda converge toõ,ũ,and the vowels e and i converge toĩ.This sound change is one of the significant features of the phonetic system of the Kham dialect.

关 键 词：金沙江沿岸康方言 热思土语 鼻韵尾音 元音音变 

分 类 号：H214[语言文字—少数民族语言]