英国北极政策的演变进程、利益考量及对我国的影响  

The Evolution and Consideration of Interests in British Arctic Policy and Its Implications for China

作　　者：陈奕彤[1] 张明丹 吴竞超 Chen Yitong;Zhang Mingdan;Wu Jingchao(Law School,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;China Institute for Marine Affairs,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100860,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学法学院,山东青岛266100 [2]自然资源部海洋发展战略研究所,北京100860

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期23-37,共15页Journal of Ocean University of China(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“南极条约体系中新兴议题的造法趋势及中国对策研究”(20CFX082)。

摘　　要：英国参与北极事务由来已久,其北极政策的演变进程及北极事务的参与活动均反映出鲜明的利益导向属性。国防安全、国内外局势与利益追求的可持续性是英国北极政策的重要考量因素。对比分析中英既有最新北极政策可以发现,在北极事务参与上,两国均提倡尊重、合作和可持续,但在对北极的态度及北极事务参与指导思想上有所差异。利益导向下的英国新北极政策可能压缩我国在北极事务上的外交空间,增加“冰上丝绸之路”倡议的实施难度。我国应积极参与国际造法进程,重视北极科学外交,从经济、政治和环境三个方面入手,确保“冰上丝绸之路”倡议顺利推进。此外,应加强对我国在北极地区安全利益的关注,适时更新和完善我国的北极政策,从而应对英国新北极政策发布可能带来的挑战,更好地维护与追求我国在北极地区的利益,并在人类命运共同体理念的指导下为北极发展贡献中国智慧和中国力量。The United Kingdom has a long history of engagement with the Arctic affairs,and the evolution of its Arctic policy and participation in Arctic affairs reflect a clear nature of being interest-oriented.Defense security,domestic and international situations,and sustainability of interest pursuit are the important considerations in the UK′s pursuit of Arctic interests.Comparative analysis of the latest Arctic policies of China and the UK shows that both countries advocate respect,cooperation and sustainability in participation in the Arctic affairs,but there are differences in their attitudes towards the Arctic and the guiding ideology of engagement with the Arctic.The UK′s interest-oriented new Arctic policy may reduce China′s diplomatic space in Arctic affairs,making it more difficult to implement the"Ice Silk Road"initiative.China should actively participate in the international law-making process,pay attention to Arctic scientific diplomacy,adopt a three-pronged approach in economy,politics and environment to carry out the"Ice Silk Road"initiative and give attention to China′s security interests in the Arctic,update and improve China′s Arctic policy in due course to cope with the challenges that may be brought about by the UK′s new Arctic policy,and better safeguard and pursue China′s interests in the Arctic region,contributing to the development of the Arctic with Chinese wisdom and Chinese strength under the guidance of"a shared future for humanity".

关 键 词：英国 北极 北极政策 北极治理 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]