基于拓展Volume-Time理论的串联空气间隙非同期击穿过程分析  

Analysis of Non-simultaneous Breakdown Process of Series Air Gap Based on Extended Volume-Time Theory

作　　者：姚晓飞 常晓雪 丁健刚 陈佳莉 刘学 王建华[1] 刘志远[1] 耿英三[1] YAO Xiaofei;CHANG Xiaoxue;DING Jiangang;CHEN Jiali;LIU Xue;WANG Jianhua;LIU Zhiyuan;GENG Yingsan(State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710049,China)

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学电气工程学院电力设备与电气绝缘国家重点实验室,西安710049

出　　处：《高压电器》2025年第3期119-127,159,共10页High Voltage Apparatus

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFB2403700);电工材料电气绝缘全国重点实验室基金项目(EIPE22121);直流输电技术全国重点实验室开放基金(SKLHVDC-2024-KF-10)。

摘　　要：为了认识串联空气间隙的击穿过程,以球—球间隙为研究对象,设计了“非对称组合间隙”,即总间隙距离不变的条件下分别单独调整两个间隙的距离使上下间隙距离不一致。采用拓展Volume-Time理论计算了串联双间隙的U50%,并解释了雷电冲击电压下非对称组合空气间隙的非同期击穿物理过程。实验结果表明,上下间隙距离分布不均匀程度对串联空气间隙击穿电压和击穿延时的影响;不均匀程度较大时,较低电压下存在单个间隙放电、总体不击穿的现象,较高电压下两间隙将出现非同期击穿;不均匀程度较小时,两间隙同期击穿。为了解释这种现象,文中采用拓展Volume-Time理论,通过确定临界体积、临界面积等关键参数来计算串联双间隙的击穿电压。并把串联双空气间隙击穿的原因解释为,空气间隙电场的有效体积与有效面积超过临界值。因此,双间隙非同期击穿的产生是由于当一个间隙达到了击穿起始条件,而另一个间隙还未达到击穿起始条件。In order to understand the breakdown process of air clearance in series,an‘asymmetric combined clearance’was designed by taking the ball-sphere clearance as the research object.In other words,under the condition of constant total clearance distance,the distances of two clearance were adjusted separately to make the distances of upper and lower clearance inconsistent.In this paper,the extended Volume-Time theory is used to calculate the U50%of the tandem double clearance and explain the physical breakdown process of the asymmetric combined air clearance under lightning impulse voltage.The experimental results show that the effect of the uneven distribution of the upper and lower clearance distance on the breakdown voltage and the breakdown delay of the series air clearance is studied.When the degree of unevenness is large,the phenomenon of single gap discharge and overall non-breakdown occurs at the lower voltage,and the non-simultaneous breakdown occurs at the higher voltage.When the unevenness is small,the two gaps break down at the same time.In order to explain this phenomenon,the extended Volume-Time theory is adopted in this paper to calculate the breakdown voltage of series double clearance by determining key parameters such as critical volume and critical area.The effective volume and area of the electric field in the air gap exceed the critical value.Therefore,double-gap anchronous breakdown occurs when one gap meets the initial breakdown condition,while the other gap does not.

关 键 词：双断口开关 串联空气间隙 雷电冲击电压 非同期击穿特性 Volume-Time理论 

分 类 号：TM855[电气工程—高电压与绝缘技术]