毒杀福寿螺槟榔碱饵料的研制  

Development of Arecoline Bait for Poisoning Pomacea canaliculata

作　　者：年勇白丁 张玥滢 张维柯 陈华保[1] 万宣伍 马利 杨春平[1] NIAN YONG Baiding;ZHANG Yueying;ZHANG Weike;CHEN Huabao;WAN Xuanwu;MA Li;YANG Chunping(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University,Chengdu 611130,China;Planting Management Service Center,Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs in Deqin County,Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Yunnan 674500,China;The Plant Protection Station,Sichuan Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院,成都611130 [2]德钦县农业农村局种植业管理服务中心,云南迪庆藏族自治州674500 [3]四川省农业农村厅植物保护站,成都610041

出　　处：《植物医学》2025年第1期75-83,共9页Plant Health and Medicine

基　　金：四川省科技厅应用基础研究项目(2020YJ0412);大学生创新训练计划项目资助(No.S202310626003)。

摘　　要：福寿螺是一种入侵我国的恶性水生生物,不仅对农业生产造成威胁,还严重危害人类健康。槟榔碱对福寿螺具有良好的杀螺活性。以槟榔碱为有效成分,通过筛选福寿螺偏好的食物和引诱剂,研制了槟榔碱饵料。单因素试验结果显示,福寿螺对小米粉的取食量明显大于其他饲料,平均每头5.5 g的福寿螺在48 h内的取食量为2.93 g;添加葡萄糖、鱼粉和水稻叶后福寿螺的取食量明显增强,分别提高了23.08%、26.63%和106.51%。单纯形重心设计法筛选出福寿螺饵料的适宜配方范围为小米粉60%~84%、鱼粉5%~13%、葡萄糖1%~9%、水稻叶10%~18%。将槟榔碱与筛选出的饲料混合进行胃毒活性测定,发现槟榔碱对福寿螺具有良好的胃毒活性,且作用时间越长,胃毒效果越明显。在24 h、48 h和72 h的LD_(50)值分别为426.74μg/g、401.92μg/g和397.75μg/g。研究结果为槟榔碱的进一步开发利用奠定了基础。Pomacea canaliculata is a malignant aquatic alien invasive organism in China,which not only affects agricultural production,but also seriously threatens human health.It was found that arecoline had good molluscicidal activity at low concentration.Using arecoline as the active ingredient,arecoline bait was prepared by screening the preferred food and attractant of P.canaliculate.The results of single factor experiment showed that the average 48 h feed intake of 5.5 g per P.canaliculata was 2.93 g,which was significantly higher than that of other feeds.Supplement of glucose,fish meal and rice leaf had obvious attractant effect,which increased the feeding amount of P.canaliculata by 23.08%,26.63%and 106.51%,respectively.The range of suitable food formula of P.canaliculata were screened by the simplex centroid design method as follows:millet flour 60%-84%,fish meal 5%-13%,glucose 1%-9%,rice leaf 10%-18%.The gastric toxic activity of arecoline was determined by mixing arecoline with the selected feed.It was found that arecoline had better gastric toxic activity to P.canaliculata.The longer the action time,the more obvious the gastric toxic effect.The results of gastric toxicity test showed that the LD_(50)values of arecoline were 426.74μg/g,401.92μg/g and 397.75μg/g at 24,48 and 72 h,respectively.The results laid a foundation for the further development and utilization of arecoline.

关 键 词：福寿螺 饲料筛选 槟榔碱 胃毒作用 毒饵 

分 类 号：S482.5[农业科学—农药学]