果园生草与施用土壤调理剂对酸化梨园土壤质量及梨产量品质的影响  

Effects of Grass Planting and Soil Conditioner on Acidified Orchard Soil Properties and Pear Yield and Quality

作　　者：孙涛[1] 郭兵[1] 管西林 姚利[1] 赵自超 张玉凤[1] 李彦[1] 高新昊[1] Sun Tao;Guo Bing;Guan Xilin;Yao Li;Zhao Zichao;Zhang Yufeng;Li Yan;Gao Xinhao(State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management/Key Laboratory of Wastes Matrix Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]养分资源高效利用全国重点实验室/农业农村部废弃物基质化利用重点实验室/山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2025年第2期97-104,共8页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2021CXGC010801);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1902700);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2024F04,CXGC2024A06)。

摘　　要：施用土壤调理剂和果园生草是改善酸化果园土壤质量、提升果品产量和品质的有效措施。本研究在胶东半岛酸化秋月梨园开展2年大田试验,设置农民习惯施肥(CK)、农民买惯施肥+施用硅钙钾镁肥土壤调理剂1500 kg/hm^(2)(T1)、农民买惯施肥+果园生草(T2)、农民买惯施肥+施用硅钙钾镁肥土壤调理剂+果园生草(T3)4个处理,研究施用硅钙钾镁肥土壤调理剂和果园生草对酸化果园土壤质量、秋月梨产量品质的影响。结果表明:酸化梨园施用硅钙钾镁肥土壤调理剂和果园生草可显著改善土壤环境,与CK相比,T1、T2和T3处理0~20 cm土层土壤pH值分别提高0.60、0.56个和0.81个单位,土壤有机质含量分别增加12.34%、12.94%和26.65%,土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶和磷酸酶活性均有提高;酸化果园施用硅钙钾镁肥或果园生草对秋月梨产量均无显著影响,但能明显改善秋月梨品质。施用硅钙钾镁肥土壤调理剂结合果园生草(T3)在秋月梨产量、品质和土壤质量方面存在显著交互作用。与CK相比,2022年和2023年T3处理秋月梨产量分别显著增加12.15%和7.22%,显著增加秋月梨可溶性糖、维生素C含量。综上所述,酸化果园施用硅钙钾镁肥土壤调理剂结合果园生草可显著增加秋月梨产量和品质,并显著改善土壤质量。Soil conditioner application and grass planting in acidified orchards are effective measures to improve soil quality and enhance fruit yield and quality.The 2-year field experiment was conducted in acidified Qiuyue pear orchards in the Jiaodong Peninsula by setting four treatments including farmer accustomed fertilization(CK),farmer accustomed fertilization+1500 kg/hm^(2) silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium fertilizer(soil conditioner)(T1),farmer accustomed fertilization+grass planting(T2),and farmer accustomed fertilization+soil conditioner+grass planting(T3).Their effects on soil quality,and fruit yield and quality of Qiuyue pear in the acidified orchard were studied.The results showed that the application of soil conditioner and grass planting significantly improved the soil environment in acidified pear orchards.Compared with CK,the soil pH value in 0~20-cm layer increased by 0.60,0.56 and 0.81 units,and the soil organic matter content increased by 12.34%,12.94%and 26.65%in T1,T2 and T3 treatments,respectively;the activity of soil enzymes such as urease,peroxidase,β-glucosidase and phosphatase were also increased.The application of soil conditioner or grass planting had no significant effect on Qiuyue pear fruit yield,but significantly improved the fruit quality.T3 treatment had significant effects on fruit yield and quality,and soil quality.Compared with CK,T3 treatment increased the fruit yield by 12.15%and 7.22%in 2022 and 2023,respectively,and significantly increased soluble sugar and vitamin C contents in Qiuyue pear fruits.In conclusion,the application of soil conditioner combined with grass planting in acidified orchards could significantly increase the fruit yield and quality of Qiuyue pear,and significantly improve the soil quality.

关 键 词：土壤酸化梨园 土壤调理剂 生草 土壤质量 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S156.2[农业科学—土壤学] S661.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]