掺混尿素配施有机肥对冬小麦氮肥利用率、产量及土壤供氮性能的影响  

Effects of Mixed Urea Combined with Organic Fertilizer on Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Yield of Winter Wheat and Soil Nitrogen Supply Performance

作　　者：李常英[1] 安静[2] 窦京海 丁美丽[1] 杜娇娇 Li Changying;An Jing;Dou Jinghai;Ding Meili;Du Jiaojiao(College of Agricultural and Forestry Science and Technology,Weifang Vocational College,Weifang 262737,China;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]潍坊职业学院农林科技学院,山东潍坊262737 [2]山东省农业科学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2025年第2期105-113,共9页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020MC098);潍坊市科技发展计划项目(2020GX026)。

摘　　要：本试验以‘泰农18’为供试小麦品种,进行2年(2022、2023年)的田间肥料试验。基于普通尿素与控释尿素7∶3掺混,设置无氮对照(CK)、普通尿素处理(CU)以及有机肥(F)替代掺混尿素(M)比例分别为0、25%、50%、75%、100%处理(分别记为M100F0、M75F25、M50F50、M25F75、M0F100),共7个处理,研究等氮条件下有机肥不同比例替代掺混尿素一次性施用对冬小麦氮素吸收利用、产量以及土壤供氮性能的影响。结果表明,普通尿素处理(CU)提高了冬小麦生育前期表层(0~30 cm)土壤硝态氮与铵态氮含量,使得该阶段小麦长势较佳,但硝态氮与铵态氮淋溶量也较高,导致此后土壤有效氮含量迅速下降,因此冬小麦氮肥利用率(NUE)、产量均较低。与CU相比,掺混尿素配施有机肥处理延长土壤氮素的供应周期,降低氮素淋溶及提高土壤酶活性,促进土壤腐植酸组分转化,提高小麦干物质积累、氮肥利用率及产量。2年NUE平均以M50 F50处理最高,2022、2023年较其他施肥处理NUE分别增加1.51%~21.48%、8.90%~22.64%。综上,本试验条件下采用50%有机肥替代掺混尿素可提高土壤供氮性能,从而提高冬小麦产量和氮肥利用效率,为最佳有机肥替代处理。A two-year field experiment was conducted with the wheat variety Tainong 18 as test material by setting 7 treatments including nitrogen-free control(CK),ordinary urea treatment(CU)and five treatments of mixed urea(M,ordinary urea and controlled-release urea at ratio of 7∶3)combined with organic fertilizer(F).The proportion of organic fertilizer instead of mixed urea was designed as 0,25%,50%,75%and 100%,which were recorded as M100F0,M75F25,M50F50,M25F75 and M0F100,respectively.The effects of different fertilization treatments on wheat nitrogen utilization,yield and soil nitrogen supply performance under equal nitrogen condition were studied.The results showed that the application of mixed urea combined with organic fertilizer could significantly improve the transformation of soil humic acid components,affect the supply period of soil available nitrogen,promote the growth and nitrogen absorption of wheat,and then improve the nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)and yield of wheat.Under the CU treatment,the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the surface(0~30 cm)soil increased and made wheat grow better at the early stage of winter wheat growth,but the higher leaching amount of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen led to the soil available nitrogen content decreased rapidly after that,so the nitrogen use efficiency(NUE)and yield were lower.Compared with CU treatment,the treatments of mixed urea combined with organic fertilizer prolonged the supply period of soil nitrogen,reduced nitrogen leaching and increased soil enzyme activity,promoted the transformation of soil humic acid components,thereby improved wheat dry matter accumulation,NUE and yield.The average NUE of the two years was the highest under M50 F50 treatment,and the NUE increased by 1.51%to 21.48%and 8.90%to 22.64%respectively compared with the other fertilization treatments in 2022 and 2023,respectively.In summary,the application of organic fertilizer instead of 50%mixed urea in the experiment conditions could improve soil nitrogen supply pe

关 键 词：掺混尿素 有机肥 冬小麦 氮肥利用率 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]