叶面喷施锌肥对库尔勒香梨果实糖酸积累及产量品质的影响  

Effects of Foliar Application of Zinc Fertilizer on Sugar and Acid Accumulation,Yield and Quality of Korla Fragrant Pear Fruits

作　　者：马红友 玉素甫江·玉素音 李炳浩 史转辉 张佑银 陆嫦玉 Ma Hongyou;Yusufujiang Yusuyin;Li Binghao;Shi Zhuanhui;Zhang Youyin;Lu Changyu(College of Resources and Environment/Key Laboratory of Soil and Plant Ecological Processes,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China;Urumqi Inspection and Testing Center,Urumqi 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学资源与环境学院/新疆土壤与植物生态过程重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]乌鲁木齐市检验检测中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2025年第2期121-126,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2021D01A90);2022年中央财政林草科技推广示范项目(新〔2022﹞TG10号)。

摘　　要：为探究叶面喷施锌肥对库尔勒香梨果实糖酸积累及产量品质的影响,以筛选出香梨生产中叶面喷施锌肥的最适浓度,本试验以6年生库尔勒香梨果树为试材,设置常规施肥基础上花后23、38、53 d和68 d分别叶面喷施0.15%硫酸锌(Z1)、0.30%硫酸锌(Z2)、0.45%硫酸锌(Z3)溶液处理,并以喷施清水为对照(Z0),研究其对成熟期果实产量和品质相关指标的影响。结果表明,喷施锌肥可提高果实单株果数、单果重和产量,同时提高果实品质,其中以Z2处理效果最佳。Z2处理单株果数、单果重、产量较Z0分别提高28.19%、5.07%和34.79%;果实硬度和可溶性固形物、VC、蛋白质含量分别提高18.91%、7.48%、6.74%和20.00%,有机酸含量显著降低,降幅为9.85%。从相关性分析结果可以看出,果实可溶性糖含量与果糖含量呈极显著正相关,总酸含量与苹果酸、草酸和莽草酸含量呈极显著正相关且与苹果酸的相关性最强,可溶性糖含量与总酸含量呈极显著负相关。综上所述,在6年生库尔勒香梨生产管理中,叶面喷施适量锌肥能提高香梨果实产量和品质,推荐喷施锌肥浓度为0.30%。To investigate the effects of foliar application of zinc fertilizer on sugar and acid accumulation and yield and quality of Korla fragrant pear fruits,and to screen out the optimal concentration of zinc fertilizer,this experiment was carried out using 6-year-old Korla fragrant pear trees as test materials.On the basis of conventional fertilization,spraying 0.15%zinc sulfate(Z1),0.30%zinc sulfate(Z2)and 0.45%zinc sulfate(Z3)solutions were set at 23,38,53 and 68 days after flowering respectively with spraying water as the control(Z0),and their effects on yield and quality related indicators of mature fruits were studied.The results showed that spraying zinc fertilizer could increase the number of fruits per plant,single fruit weight and yield,and also improve the fruit quality.Among them,the Z2 treatment had the best effects.The number of fruits per plant,single fruit weight and yield of Z2 treatment increased by 28.19%,5.07%and 34.79%,respectively,compared to Z0 treatment;the fruit hardness and contents of soluble solids,VC and protein increased by 18.91%,7.48%,6.74%and 20.00%,respectively,while the organic acid content significantly decreased by 9.85%.From the correlation analysis results,it could be seen that the soluble sugar content of fruits was highly significantly positively correlated with fructose content;the total acid content was highly significantly positively correlated with malic acid,oxalic acid and shikimic acid contents,and the strongest correlation was with malic acid;the soluble sugar content was highly significantly negatively correlated with the total acid content.In summary,in the production and management of 6-year-old Korla fragrant pear,appropriate foliar application of zinc fertilizer could improve the yield and quality of pear fruits.It was recommended to spray zinc fertilizer at a concentration of 0.30%.

关 键 词：库尔勒香梨 锌肥 叶面喷施 果实产量 品质 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]