黄瓜根腐病生防芽孢杆菌的筛选、鉴定及协同效应  

Screening,Identification and Synergistic Effects of Biocontrol Bacillus for Cucumber Root Rot

作　　者：吴国平 杨利娟 张春祥 高苇 姜永成 卫勇 刘慧芹 王勇[2] Wu Guoping;Yang Lijuan;Zhang Chunxiang;Gao Wei;Jiang Yongcheng;Wei Yong;Liu Huiqin;Wang Yong(College of Horticulture and Landscape,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China;Plant Protection Research Institute,Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Tianjin 300380,China;College of Engineering and Technology,Tianjin Agricultural University,Tianjin 300384,China)

机构地区：[1]天津农学院园艺园林学院,天津300384 [2]天津市农业科学院植物保护研究所,天津300380 [3]天津农学院工程技术学院,天津300384

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2025年第2期134-140,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“设施蔬菜与瓜果重大病虫害智能化实时监测预警技术研发”(2023YFD1401202);2022年河北省重点研发计划项目(22347402D);天津市农业科技成果转化与推广项目(202101080);山东省重点研发计划项目(2023TZXD034)。

摘　　要：由镰刀属真菌引起的根腐病在天津黄瓜种植区危害极为严重。针对这一病害,本研究采集天津4个区黄瓜种植地的健康土样,采用平板对峙法分离生防菌株,通过掺无菌滤液和盆栽试验评价生防菌株的抑菌作用和协同效应,通过形态特征、理化特性、分子生物学分析鉴定菌株。结果共筛选出8株对尖孢镰刀菌和腐皮镰刀菌有较好抑制作用的菌株,其中菌株BL-29和BL-40对两种病原菌的抑制率均超过50%。对8株菌进行相容性测试,发现菌株BL-01、BL-09和BL-21之间具有更佳的相容性,且3株菌复合无菌滤液对两种病菌的抑制率分别达到68.5%和71.6%,显著高于各自单株的无菌滤液。通过盆栽试验表明,3株菌的复合菌悬液对黄瓜根腐病的防效为67.6%,显著高于各自单株的菌悬液。经鉴定,菌株BL-09、BL-21为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌,菌株BL-21为耐盐芽孢杆菌。生防菌的多元组合具有更高效防治病害的潜能。Root rot caused by Fusarium fungi is very serious in cucumber growing areas in Tianjin.In this study,the healthy soil samples were collected from cucumber planting fields in 4 districts of Tianjin,and biocontrol strains for this disease were isolated by plate face-off method.Their antibacterial activity and synergistic effect were evaluated through mixing sterile filtrate and pot tests,and they were identified by morphological,physicochemical and molecular biological analyses.The results showed that 8 strains were isolated with good inhibition effect on Fusariumoxy sporum and F.solani,among them,the strains BL-29 and BL-40 showed more than 50%inhibition rate on the two pathogens.After compatibility tests,it was found that the strains BL-01,BL-09 and BL-21 had better compatibility,and their composite sterile filtrate had the inhibition rate on the two pathogens more than 68.5%and 71.6%respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the sterile filtrate from individual strain.The results of pot experiments showed that the composite suspension of the 3 strains had 67.6%of prevention effect on cucumber root rot disease,which was significantly higher than the suspension of individual strain(P<0.05).The strains BL-09 and BL-21 were identified as Bacillus velezensis,and the strain BL-21 was as B.halotolerans through identification.The multi-component combination of biocontrol bacteria had the potential of effective disease control.

关 键 词：黄瓜根腐病 镰刀属 芽孢杆菌 协同效应 鉴定 

分 类 号：S436.3[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S642.2[农业科学—植物保护]