番茄根际生防菌的分离鉴定及对镰刀菌根腐病的生防潜力评价  

Isolation and Identification of Biocontrol Bacteria from Tomato Rhizosphere and Evaluation on Biocontrol Potential against Fusarium Root Rot

作　　者：曾鲸津 赵浩宇[2] 刘江 卢情 Zeng Jingjin;Zhao Haoyu;Liu Jiang;Lu Qing(School of Modern Agriculture,Neijiang Vocational and Technical College,Neijiang 641100,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu 610066,China;Sichuan Green Plant Protection Co.,Ltd.,Meishan 620010,China)

机构地区：[1]内江职业技术学院现代农业学院,四川内江641100 [2]四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,四川成都610066 [3]四川飘绿植物保护有限公司,四川眉山620010

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2025年第2期141-149,共9页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：四川省重点研发计划项目(2021YFN0058);四川省科技扶贫专项(2019ZHFP0151)。

摘　　要：为筛选番茄镰刀菌(Fusarium spp.)根腐病的高效拮抗菌株,本研究从大棚番茄根腐病发生区的健康番茄根际土壤分离菌株,采用形态学、生理生化及16S rRNA基因序列分析对关键拮抗菌的分类地位及拮抗性进行鉴定评估,并采用盆栽和田间试验测定其生防效果。结果表明,从设施发病区健康番茄根际土中获得93株分离菌,以尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)为靶标菌得到7株拮抗菌,通过定性、定量检测发现菌株MS06拮抗效果最强,具有养分活化、分泌IAA、产铁载体、降解纤维素和蛋白等特性。形态学、16S rRNA进化树分析显示菌株MS06为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)。将菌株MS06的发酵液应用于盆栽、大田试验,番茄镰刀菌根腐病发病率分别为0、4.87%,病情指数分别为0、1.87,相对防效分别为100.00%、80.21%,推测其抑菌机理为通过分泌几丁质酶和纤维素酶溶解尖孢镰刀菌的细胞壁和菌丝,使其失去侵染能力,进而抑制病原菌的生长。综上,贝莱斯芽孢杆菌MS06具有优良的生防功能,其菌剂的田间应用对番茄镰刀菌根腐病具有较好的防治效果,或可作为番茄益生拮抗菌剂的候选菌株资源。In order to screen efficient antagonistic strains against Fusarium root rot,some strains were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of healthy tomato,and then the taxonomic status and antagonism of the key antagonistic bacteria were identified and evaluated based on morphological,physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence.Their biocontrol effects were also determined by pot and field in situ cultivation experiments.The results showed that 93 strains were obtained from the rhizosphere soil of healthy tomato in the facility disease area,and 7 strains with bacteriostatic effect were obtained by using Fusarium oxysporum as the target bacterium.Through qualitative and quantitative detection,it was found that the strain MS06 had the strongest antagonistic effect,and had the characteristics of nutrient activation,IAA secretion,siderophore production,cellulose and protein degradation.Based on morphological and 16S rRNA phylogenetic analyses,MS06 strain was identified as Bacillus velezensis.The fermentation broth of B.velezensis MS06 was applied to pot and field experiments,it was found that the incidence rate of tomato Fusarium root rot were 0 and 4.87%,the disease indexes were 0 and 1.87,and the relative control efficiency were 100.00%and 80.21%,respectively.It was speculated that its antibacterial mechanism was to made the F.oxysporum lose infection ability through dissolving cell wall and mycelium by secreting chitinase and cellulase,so as to inhibit the growth of pathogenbacteria.In summary,B.velezensis MS06 had excellent biocontrol function,and the field application of its solid agent had good control effect on tomato Fusarium root rot,which might be used as a candidate strain resource for tomato probiotic antagonistic agent.

关 键 词：番茄 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 镰刀菌根腐病 拮抗菌 生防效果 

分 类 号：S436.412.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]