老年性聋患者的认知功能评估  

Assessment of Cognitive Function in Patients with Age-related Hearing Loss

作　　者：张多米 王凯[1] ZHANG Duo-mi;WANG Kai

机构地区：[1]宁波大学医学部,宁波315211

出　　处：《中国听力语言康复科学杂志》2025年第2期185-189,共5页Chinese Scientific Journal of Hearing and Speech Rehabilitation

基　　金：中国高校产学研创新基金“华通国康医学科研专项”(2023HT085)。

摘　　要：老年性聋又称年龄相关性听力损失(age-related hearing loss,ARHL),不仅是听觉功能下降的主要原因,还是认知功能减退和痴呆的重要危险因素,受到广泛关注。及时进行听觉干预(如配戴助听器或植入人工耳蜗)可显著延缓认知功能下降并降低痴呆风险。因此,对ARHL患者进行早期、准确的认知功能评估至关重要,能帮助识别潜在的认知障碍,并尽早开展干预。然而,对ARHL患者进行认知功能评估面临诸多挑战。传统认知测试往往依赖于听觉输入,若听力损失未得到充分补偿,受试者可能无法准确接收或理解测试指令,表现出“假性”认知功能减退,影响评估结果的准确性。鉴于此,本文系统回顾并比较了现有的认知评估工具,重点分析各工具在ARHL人群中的优缺点,以期为研究者及临床医生在选择及应用评估工具时提供循证依据。讨论了可能影响评估准确性的干扰因素,并提出改进策略,旨在为今后ARHL患者建立标准化、可比性的认知功能评估流程奠定基础,从而更好地量化和追踪听力干预手段对认知功能的长期影响。Presbycusis also known as age-related hearing loss(ARHL),is not only a primary cause of auditory dysfunction but also a significant risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia.Timely hearing interventions,such as hearing aids and cochlear implants,have been shown to effectively slow cognitive deterioration and reduce the risk of dementia.Therefore,early and accurate cognitive assessment in ARHL patients is of critical importance,as it enables the prompt detection of potential cognitive impairment and timely intervention.Despite these advancements,several challenges remain in evaluating cognitive function among ARHL patients.Conventional cognitive tests often rely on auditory input,which may lead to"pseudo"cognitive deficits if hearing loss is inadequately compensated.This review systematically examines and compares major cognitive assessment tools,highlighting their advantages and limitations in ARHL populations.We also discuss critical confounding variables and propose practical strategies for improving assessment accuracy in clinical and research settings.By establishing standardized cognitive assessment protocols,this work aims to enhance the accuracy of cognitive evaluation and facilitate long-term tracking of the impact of hearing interventions on cognitive function,ultimately reducing dementia risk and improving quality of life in older adults.

关 键 词：老年性聋 认知功能 评估工具 

分 类 号：R764.436[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科]