形—义不对称匹配中韵律与语义的交互——以汉语含否定成分自然话语为例  

PROSODY-SEMANTICS INTERFACE IN CHINESE FORM-MEANING ASYMMETRIC MATCHING:AN ANALYSIS OF CHINESE SPONTANEOUS SPEECH WITH NEGATIVE ELEMENTS

作　　者：王萍 赵永刚[1] WANG Ping;ZHAO Yonggang(School of English Studies,Xi’an International Studies University,Xi’an 710128,China)

机构地区：[1]西安外国语大学英文学院,陕西西安710128

出　　处：《河南工业大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期87-95,共9页Journal of Henan University of Technology:Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(18BYY014);国家语委科研基地暨国家语言文字智库中国外语战略研究中心重点项目(WYZL2023TX0011);陕西省社会科学基金项目(2024K061)。

摘　　要：韵律线索在传情达意过程中起着重要作用。在汉语自然话语中,因否定成分参与而产生形—义不对称匹配的表达形式具有较强的能产性。陈述句、反问句、疑问句、感叹句都可以携带否定成分,但并不一定都表达否定意义。语义实现与句法结构、韵律特征关系密切。以韵律在话语产出中扮演的角色为视点,从韵律音系学角度对汉语中由于否定词素介入而产生的形—义不对称匹配现象进行了研究。当单个否定成分参与时,形—义呈现出一对多匹配,语义影响着韵律;当多个否定成分参与时,形—义呈现出多对一匹配,韵律制约着语义。语义与韵律交互作用,相辅相成,使得自然语流中语义的确切阐释成为可能,可以为汉语含否定成分话语的句法消歧及更为精准的语义识别提供参考。Prosodic cues serve as a crucial reference for sense-making.Form-meaning asymmetric matching with negative elements is highly productive in Chinese spontaneous speech.Declarative sentences,rhetorical sentences,interrogative sentences,and exclamatory sentences could all carry negative elements,but they do not necessarily bear negative meaning.The realization of sentence meaning is closely related to syntactic structure and prosodic features.This paper focuses on the role of prosody in discourse production,and explores the phenomenon of asymmetric matching between form and meaning in Chinese due to the involvement of negative elements from the perspective of prosodic phonology.It is found that when there is a single negative element,the form-meaning relation presents a one-to-multiple matching,and semantics influence prosody;when there are multiple negative elements,the form-meaning relation presents a multiple-to-one matching,and prosody constrains semantics.Semantics and prosody interact and complement each other,making it possible to accurately interpret the semantics of natural speech flow.The conclusion of this paper is expected to provide necessary references for syntactic disambiguation and more precise semantic recognition of Chinese sentences with negative elements.

关 键 词：不对称匹配 语义 韵律 自然话语 否定成分 

分 类 号：H01[语言文字—语言学]