面向多模式集装箱货运网络的中欧班列补贴方案分析与优化  

Analysis and Optimization of Subsidy Scheme for China Europe Express in Multi-Mode Container Freight Network

作　　者：买媛媛 王殿雷 谢驰 田春林 MAI Yuanyuan;WANG Dianlei;XIE Chi;TIAN Chunlin(Key Laboratory of Transport Industry for Comprehensive Transportation Theory Research,Beijing 100029,China;China Academy of Transportation Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;College of Transportation Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China)

机构地区：[1]综合交通运输理论交通运输行业重点实验室,北京100029 [2]交通运输部科学研究院,北京100029 [3]同济大学交通学院,上海201804

出　　处：《交通运输研究》2025年第1期1-15,共15页Transport Research

基　　金：综合交通运输理论行业重点实验室开放课题;中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(20236104)。

摘　　要：为准确评估中欧集装箱货运网络各运输线路拥堵状况和各货运方式的市场份额,以及提升多模式货运竞争情况下中欧班列补贴政策的有效性,根据中欧货运市场的年度供需数据,应用多模式多品类货运网络均衡模型预测中欧货运网络集装箱运量分布,在此基础上构建双层补贴优化模型并应用禁忌搜索算法求解得出优化补贴方案。线路拥堵分析结果显示,中欧货运市场上,我国多数远洋港口和个别边境换轨车站存在严重的转运拥堵问题,而多数以我国沿海地区城市为起点的中欧班列线路排队延误极长,且当前中欧班列服务的整体市场份额不足3%。对当前补贴方案的分析结果显示,当前补贴方案的有效性仅局限于以内陆地区城市为起点的线路和需求不饱和的线路。对优化补贴方案的分析结果表明,优化补贴方案可更加有效地提高中欧班列的市场占比,并且可在一定程度上调控货运供需平衡、减少运力空置、缓解线路拥堵。To accurately evaluate the congestion status of various transportation routes and the market share of each transportation mode in the China-Europe container freight network,as well as to enhance the effectiveness of the China Railway Express(CRE)subsidy policy under multi-mode freight competition,based on the annual supply and demand data of the China-Europe freight market,a multi-mode and multi-commodity freight network equilibrium model was applied to predict the distribution of container traffic in the China-Europe freight network.On this basis,a bi-level subsidy optimization model was constructed and Tabu Search algorithm was applied to solve the optimization subsidy plan.The analysis of line congestion shows that in the China-Europe freight market,most of China′s ocean ports and a few border rail exchange stations have serious transfer congestion problems.However,most of the CRE lines starting from coastal cities in China have extremely long queuing delay,and the overall market share of CRE services is less than 3%.The analysis of the current subsidy scheme shows that its effectiveness is limited to lines starting from inland cities and lines with unsaturated demand.The evaluation results of the optimization subsidy scheme indicate that it can more effectively increase the market share of CRE,regulate the balance of freight supply and demand to a certain extent,reduce capacity vacancies,and alleviate line congestion.

关 键 词：中欧班列 集装箱货运 运输网络均衡 补贴优化 双层优化模型 禁忌搜索算法 

分 类 号：U491.1[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]