冰-水耦合作用下流冰对闸墩的撞击破坏力学特性响应  

Mechanical Characteristics of Impact Damage of Flowing Ice on Gate Piers under Ice-water Coupling

作　　者：司才龙 贾治元 贡力[2] SI Cai-long;JIA Zhi-yuan;GONG Li(Gansu Water Resources and Hydropower Survey and Design Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Lanzhou 730000,China;Department of Civil Engineering,LanzhouJiao tong University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省水利水电勘测设计研究院有限责任公司,兰州730000 [2]兰州交通大学土木工程学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《科学技术与工程》2025年第7期2943-2950,共8页Science Technology and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51969011);甘肃省科技计划(21JR7RA30)。

摘　　要：西北寒冷地区长距离输调水工程冬季输水过程中渠道及河道中修建的闸墩等水工建筑物经常受到流冰的撞击破坏影响,为保障冬季输水的稳定性及安全性,需进行冰水耦合作用下流冰对闸墩的撞击破坏力学特性响应研究。应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA有限元软件,基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉(arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian, ALE)流固耦合方法建立了冰-水耦合作用下流冰撞击闸墩的精细化有限元模型,并通过相关规范对流冰撞击力进行对比,验证了冰材料数值模型的准确性及有效性。以冰-水耦合模型、附加质量模型、无流体模型和流冰特性(流冰速度、流冰压缩强度)为变量,探究流冰对闸墩的力学特性响应规律。研究结果表明:流冰对闸墩的撞击破坏影响主要集中在流冰-闸墩碰撞接触区域,且水介质的黏滞作用显著降低了流冰对闸墩的损伤破坏;对于不同模型碰撞工况下流冰撞击时的闸墩力学特性,附加质量模型计算得到的撞击力和x方向位移峰值最大,无流体模型次之,流固耦合模型最小,表明附加质量模型进行仿真计算更有利于结构设计,而流固耦合模型能更真实模拟流冰-闸墩相互作用进程。流冰撞击力峰值和均值均随着流冰速度及压缩强度的增大而增大,表明流冰速度和流冰压缩强度对撞击力的影响不容忽视。因此,在实际工程中可设置拦冰索等措施以降低流冰撞击力确保结构安全。In the winter water transfer process of the Northwest cold region long-distance water transfer project,channels and hydraulic structures such as gate piers are frequently subjected to damage from flowing ice impacts.To safeguard the stability and security of winter water transfer operations,it is imperative to investigate the mechanical response characteristics of gate piers under the influence of flowing ice impact.ANSYS/LS-DYNA finite element software was employed to establish a refined finite element model of the gate pier under ice-water coupling conditions using the arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian(ALE)fluid-solid interaction method.The accuracy and validity of the numerical model are were verified by comparing the impact forces of flowing ice against relevant standards.The mechanical response characteristics of flowing ice on the gate pier by varying models such as the ice-water coupling model,additional mass model,fluid-free model,and flowing ice characteristics(velocity and compression strength)was explored.The findings indicated that the impact damage from flowing ice on the gate pier primarily occurs at the collision contact area between flowing ice and the gate pier.The presence of the water medium significantly mitigates the damage caused by flowing ice,emphasizing its viscous effects.Comparing different collision condition models,the additional mass model exhibits the highest impact force and X-direction displacement peak values,followed by the fluid-free model,with the fluid-solid coupling model showing the least impact,thereby suggesting the suitability of the additional mass model for simulation calculations and structural design.Furthermore,the result revealed that both the peak and mean impact forces increase with higher flow ice velocities and compression strengths,underscoring the importance of considering these factors in impact force assessments.Practical measures such as installing ice stopping ropes are recommended to mitigate flow ice impact forces and ensure structural safety in real-world

关 键 词：数值模拟 流固耦合 力学特性 撞击力 水介质 

分 类 号：TV672[水利工程—水利水电工程]