冬季高原盐湖硅藻优良藻种辐节藻Stauroneis sp.S-8的生物学特性分析  

FUNCTIONAL AND ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF DIATOM STAURONEIS SP.S-8,A DOMINANT SPECIES OF DIATOMS IN A WINTER PLATEAU SALT LAKE

作　　者：夏皖月 方霞 姜尔颖 丁晓婷 Phung Nghi Van 王娜 张炜[3] 范勇[2] 李福利[2] 张朝辉[1] XIA Wan-Yue;FANG Xia;JIANG Er-Ying;DING Xiao-Ting;PHUNG Nghi Van;WANG Na;ZHANG Wei;FAN Yong;LI Fu-Li;ZHANG Zhao-Hui(College of Food Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Qingdao 266101,China;Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,山东青岛266003 [2]中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所,山东青岛266101 [3]青海师范大学,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2025年第1期156-164,共9页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：青海省科技计划,2022-NK-111号;国家自然科学基金地区基金,22268035号。

摘　　要：青海位于青藏高原,是世界上海拔最高的地区之一,拥有丰富的盐湖资源和独特的生物种质。在冬季,青海盐湖中生长着大量的底栖硅藻。硅藻作为主要的初级生产者,能够促进固碳增汇和土壤硅循环,是优秀的微藻种质资源。采集青海海西自治州尕海盐湖12月份的湖水和底泥样品,处理后分别涂布在不同营养条件的平板上。经多轮纯化,从样品中筛选获得一株着生硅藻。该藻种经稀释涂布在平板上,48 h内快速生长并形成肉眼可见的藻斑。该藻具有较强的抗逆性,能够耐受10%的盐度,可以长期在4°C的低温下生存。经18S rRNA基因测序并构建系统发育树,鉴别该藻种与一种硅藻Stauroneis latistauros Xmm1W4具有较高同源性,将其命名为Stauroneis sp.S-8。该藻细胞呈细长的舟状,中央区域包含一个明显的大轴区,形态上稍区别于近源藻种。脂肪酸和色素组成分析表明,该藻的二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)占总脂肪酸的24%,并含有丰富的岩藻黄素。作为高原盐湖冬季的优良藻种,该藻具有固碳增汇、促进氮和硅循环等生态效应。这一藻种的发现推动了对低温高原地区盐湖微藻资源的认识与开发。Qinghai Province,located on the Tibetan Plateau,is one of the highest regions in the world with abundant salt lake resources and unique biological germplasm.During winter,a significant population of benthic diatoms thrives in Qinghai salt lakes.As a key primary producer,diatoms facilitate carbon sequestration and enhance soil silicon cycling,positioning them as valuable microalgal germplasm resources.In this study,lake water and substrate were sampled in December from Gahai Salt Lake in Haixi,Qinghai.The samples were treated and coated on plates under various nutrient conditions,and subjected to multiple purification steps,from which a strain of adherent diatoms was successfully isolated.The algae liquid were diluted and spread on a plate for rapid growth and formation of algal patches visible to naked eyes in 48 hours.This species exhibited high resistance to a salinity of 10%and could endure prolonged exposure to low temperatures of 4°C.After sequencing the 18S rRNA gene and constructing a phylogenetic tree,the algal species was identified as closely related to a diatom known as Stauroneis latistauros Xmm1W4,and subsequently designated as Stauroneis sp.S-8.The alga cells are elongated and boat-shaped,featuring a central region with a distinctive macroaxial zone that sets it apart morphologically from closely related algal species.Analysis of fatty acid and pigment composition revealed that EPA(eicosapentaenoic acid)made up 24%of the total fatty acids in this alga,which was also abundant in fucoxanthin.In highland salt lakes during winter,this particular algal species provides valuable ecological benefits including carbon sequestration and sink enhancement,as well as the facilitation of nitrogen and silicon cycling.The identification of this algal species has promoted understanding and development of microalgal resources in salt lakes in low-temperature plateau regions.

关 键 词：种质筛选 硅藻 高原盐湖 二十碳五烯酸(eicosapentaenoic acid EPA) 岩藻黄素 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]