大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼同生群内不同顶流性能子群间生物学表型对体质量的影响效果差异  

BIOLOGICAL PHENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN THE EFFECTS ON BODY WEIGHT AMONG SUBGROUPS WITH VARYING UPSTREAM SWIMMING PERFORMANCE IN COHABITING JUVENILE LARGE YELLOW CROAKERS(LARIMICHTHYS CROCEA)

作　　者：邓意俐 黄呈炜 刘哲宇 郑嘉豪 蒋宏雷 王志铮 DENG Yi-Li;HUANG Cheng-Wei;LIU Zhe-Yu;ZHENG Jia-Hao;JIANG Hong-Lei;WANG Zhi-Zheng(School of Fishery,Zhejiang Ocean University,Zhoushan 316022,China;Ningbo Institute of Marine and Fisheries,Ningbo 315103,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江海洋大学水产学院,浙江舟山316022 [2]宁波市海洋与渔业研究院,浙江宁波315103

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2025年第1期196-205,共10页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：宁波市重大科技任务攻关项目,2022Z183号;国家公益海洋专项,20140502号;宁波市本级增殖放流技术指导和效果评价,2015-2024;象山港海洋牧场示范区五期建设项目环境监测及功效调查评估,2017-2018。

摘　　要：以西沪港海域养殖6个月的大黄鱼同生群幼鱼为实验对象,于自制顶流装置的集鱼区内移入体质量相近的2500尾实验鱼后,在水平流速0.37 m/s胁迫下按持续顶流能力将其分为强、中、弱3个不同顶流等级子群(依次记为SG、MG和WG,出现率分别为最强的5%、居中的50%和最弱的5%)。随机选取不同子群各30尾作为生物学测定对象,定量研究了三者生物学测定性状对体质量影响效果的差异。结果表明:(1)三者在生物学表型和脏器比例性状上均具一定差异,诸性状中随顶流性能下降呈单调下降的仅为眼间距和内脏质量/体质量(P<0.05);(2)聚类分析表明,所涉称量性状、体尺性状和生物学测定性状首先聚为一支的子群均为MG和WG,而脏器质量比例性状首先聚为一支的则为SG和MG;(3)影响各子群体质量的关键称量性状组合分别为内脏质量-鳃质量、内脏质量-鳃质量和内脏质量-鳃质量-心质量,关键体尺性状组合分别为体长-体高-眼径、体长-肛部体宽-眼径-躯干长和肛部体高-眼后头长-眼间距。研究结果可为大黄鱼逆境生态学研究和不同抗流性能速生型种质发掘与新品种(系)选择育种提供基础资料。Juvenile large yellow croakers(Larmichthys crocea)reared in the Xihu Harbor sea area for six months were used as experimental subjects.A total of 2500 fish with similar body weights were transferred into the aggregation area of a custom-built flow apparatus.Under the stress of a horizontal flow velocity of 0.37 m/s,the fish were categorized into three subgroups based on their sustained upstream swimming ability:strong(SG),medium(MG),and weak(WG)performers,representing the top 5%,middle 50%,and bottom 5%of swimming performance,respectively.Thirty fish were randomly selected from each subgroup for biological measurements,and differences in the influence of biological traits on body weight among the subgroups were quantitatively analyzed.The results were as follows:(1)Differences were observed among the subgroups in biological phenotypes and organ proportional traits.Among these traits,only interorbital width and the visceral weight/body weight ratio showed a monotonic decrease as swimming performance declined(P<0.05).(2)Cluster analysis indicated that MG and WG subgroups were the first to cluster based on weighing traits,body size traits,and biological measurement traits,whereas SG and MG subgroups were the first to cluster based on organ weight proportional traits.(3)The key weighing trait combinations influencing body weight in SG,MG,and WG subgroups were identified as visceral weight-gill weight,visceral weight-gill weight,and visceral weight-gill weight-heart weight,respectively.The key body size trait combinations were body length-body height-eye diameter for SG,body length-anal body width-eye diameter-trunk length for MG,and anal body height-postorbital head length-interorbital width for WG.These findings provide foundational data for studies on the stress ecology of large yellow croakers and support the discovery of fast-growing strains with varying resistance to swimming stress,as well as their selective breeding into new varieties.

关 键 词：顶流性能 体质量 体尺性状 称量性状 脏器比例性状 同生群 大黄鱼幼鱼 

分 类 号：Q789[生物学—分子生物学] S965[农业科学—水产养殖] Q954[农业科学—水产科学]