洱海流域水稻主栽品种产量和稻米品质差异研究  

Study on the differences in yield and quality among the main rice varieties in the Erhai basin

作　　者：马骋芳 康锁倩 徐玖亮 MA Chengfang;KANG Suoqian;XU Jiuliang(College of Resources and Environmental Sciences,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2025年第4期15-27,共13页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：云南省重大科技专项(202202AE090034)。

摘　　要：为筛选适合洱海流域种植的优质丰产型水稻品种,以13个云南省主栽的水稻品种为供试材料,采用随机区组设计,在云南省大理市湾桥镇古生村常规种植,以主栽品种‘云粳37号’为对照,测定各品种产量及构成因子和品质指标,并利用相关性和主成分分析方法进行综合得分评价。结果表明:有效穗数以‘云粳57号’最高,为680.7×10^(4)/hm^(2),较‘云粳37号’高17.4%(P<0.05);穗粒数以‘声农4号’最高,为143.3,‘凤15-53’最低,为80.3;各品种的结实率在74.8%~95.2%,其中‘云粳50号’结实率最高,‘云科粳1号’最低;千粒重以‘凤15-53’最高,为29.5 g,较‘云粳37号’高17.7%;‘云两优502’产量最高,为14.9 t/hm^(2),‘云科粳1号’产量最低,为10.2 t/hm^(2)。糙米率以‘楚粳22号’最高,为82.6%,较‘云粳37号’高3.3%,‘滇禾优615’最低,为76.0%;精米率和整精米率均以‘云两优502’最高,分别为76.7%和75.5%;各品种直链淀粉含量在4.4~22.4 g/100 g、胶稠度在62.3~96.7 mm;食味值最高的是‘云粳50号’,为89.6,最低的是‘云粳48号’,为80.9;‘凤15-53’蛋白质含量最高,为9.7 g/100 g,其次是‘云粳21k-10’,为9.6 g/100 g。供试13个水稻品种的产量和品质水平均存在不同程度变异,产量变异主要在穗粒数和有效穗数上,品质性状变异主要在直链淀粉含量上。供试13个水稻品种的产量及构成因子间、品质性状间均存在相关关系,其中产量与精米率、整精米率均表现为极显著正相关,相关系数(r)分别为0.460和0.551,结实率与糙米率呈极显著正相关,r=0.528,直链淀粉含量与胶稠度呈极显著负相关,r=−0.779。综合得分‘云粳50号’最高,为1.9327,‘滇禾优615’最低,为−0.6099。因此,‘云粳50号’优质丰产性最好,可作为洱海流域种植水稻品种的最优选择。To screen high-quality and productive rice varieties suitable for cultivation in the Erhai basin,13 main rice varieties planted in Yunnan Province were used as test materials in a randomized block design,and were planted routinely,and the main variety‘Yungeng 37’was used as a control in Gusheng Village,Wanqiao Town,Dali City,Yunnan Province.The yield and constitutive factors and quality indexes of the varieties were determined,and the correlation analysis and principal component analysis were conducted using the method of comprehensive score evaluation.The results showed that:The effective panicles was the highest in‘Yungeng 57’at 680.7×10^(4)/hm^(2),and 17.4%higher than that of‘Yungeng 37’(P<0.05);The number of kernels per panicle was the highest in‘Shengnong 4’at 143.3 and the lowest in‘Feng 15-53’at 80.3;The seed setting rate of each variety ranged from 74.8%to 95.2%,among which the‘Yungeng 50’had the highest seed setting rate and‘Yunkegeng 1’had the lowest;The 1000-grain weight was the highest in‘Feng 15-53’at 29.5 g,which was 17.7%higher than that of‘Yungeng 37’;‘Yunliangyou 502’had the highest yield of 14.9 t/hm^(2)and‘Yunkegeng 1’had the lowest yield of 10.2 t/hm^(2).The brown rice rate was the highest in‘Chugeng 22’at 82.6%,which was 3.3%higher than that of‘Yungeng 37’,and the lowest in‘Dianheyou 615’at 76.0%;Both the milled rice rate and head rice rate were the highest for‘Yunliangyou 502’,which were 76.7%and 75.5%,respectively;The amylose content of each variety ranged from 4.4 to 22.4 g/100 g,and the gelatin consistency ranged from 62.3 to 96.7 mm;The highest taste value was‘Yungeng 50’at 89.6,and the lowest was‘Yungeng 48’at 80.9;“Feng 15-53”had the highest protein content of 9.7 g/100 g,followed by“Yungeng 21k-10”of 9.6 g/100 g.The yield and quality levels of the 13 rice varieties for testing had different degrees of variation,with yield variation mainly in the number of kernels per panicle and the number of effective panicl

关 键 词：水稻 产量 品质 洱海流域 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]