高温碱化预处理对番茄秸秆堆肥过程碳氮转化与损失的影响  

Effect of high temperature and alkalization pretreatment on transformation and losses of C and N during tomato straw composting

作　　者：李艳春[1] 叶菁[1] 刘岑薇 林怡[1] 王义祥[1] LI Yanchun;YE Jing;LIU Cenwei;LIN Yi;WANG Yixiang(Institute of Resources,Environment and Soil Fertilizer/Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Ecological Process of Red Soil Mountain,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350013,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院资源环境与土壤肥料研究所/福建省红壤山地农业生态过程重点实验室,福州350013

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2025年第4期96-105,共10页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展专项(2021L3021)。

摘　　要：番茄秸秆由于木质化程度高、降解性差等原因限制了其资源化利用效率。为探究高温碱化预处理对番茄秸秆堆肥过程中物质降解及转化的影响,以未经处理和高温碱化处理的番茄秸秆为主要原料,以玉米芯、鸭场垫料等为调理剂,设置常规堆肥(CK)和高温碱化预处理堆肥(PT)2个处理,利用自制的强制通风反应箱装置进行为期30 d的模拟堆肥试验,研究高温碱化预处理对番茄秸秆堆肥过程中碳、氮素转化与损失的影响。结果表明:PT处理的堆肥最高温度可达到67.20℃,比CK处理显著提高了7.77℃(P<0.05),万度积温时长也比CK处理缩短1 d,堆体温度≥50℃的天数达到7 d,满足堆肥无害化卫生要求;堆肥结束(30 d)时,PT处理的腐殖质聚合度(1.37)和种子发芽指数(176.40%)都显著高于CK处理,但PT处理的干物质降解率、碳素损失率和氮素损失率分别比CK处理高出5.22%(P<0.05)、7.46%(P<0.05)和3.86%(P>0.05)。因此,高温碱化预处理有利于提高番茄秸秆堆肥的发酵温度和效率,但同时也增加了高温期碳和氮损失。The resource utilization efficiency of tomato straw is limited due to its high lignification degree and low degradability.High temperature and alkalization pretreatment can help to accelerate the decomposition and humification of straw.However,its effects on the degradation and transformation of straw during the composting process are still unclear.To explore the impact of high temperature and alkalization pretreatment on transformation and losses of C and N during tomato straw composting,two treatments including high temperature and alkalization pretreatment composting(PT)and conventional composting(CK)were conducted.Tomato straw was the main raw material,and corncob and duck farm cushions were conditioning agents.The simulated composting experiment was carried out using static forced-air composting boxes and the duration time was 30 d.The results showed that the highest temperature(67.20℃)of PT treatment was increased by 7.77℃(P<0.05),and the time for accumulating 10000℃·h was decreased by 1 d compared to that of the CK.The days for the composting temperature≥50℃was 7 d in PT treatment,which fully met the demand of harmless thermophilic time.At the end of composting(30 d),the degree of humus polymerization and seed germination index of PT treatment were 1.37 and 176.40%,respectively,significantly higher than those of CK.However,the dry matter degradation rate,the carbon loss rate,and the nitrogen loss rate of PT treatment were increased by 5.22%(P<0.05),7.46%(P<0.05),and 3.86%(P>0.05)compared with the CK,respectively.In conclusion,the high temperature and alkalization pretreatment improved the fermentation temperature and efficiency while increasing carbon and nitrogen’s losses at the thermophilic composting stage.

关 键 词：高温碱化预处理 番茄秸秆 堆肥 碳损失 腐殖质碳 氮损失 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]