阿克苏地区近30年土地利用变化及其生态环境效应研究  

Land use change and its eco-environmental effect of Aksu region in recent 30 years

作　　者：郑慧慧 宋月琪 魏宸博 汪秀莲 张定祥 王荣彬 徐艳 ZHENG Huihui;SONG Yueqi;WEI Chenbo;WANG Xiulian;ZHANG Dingxiang;WANG Rongbin;XU Yan(College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;China Land Surveying and Planning Institute,Beijing 100035,China;Land Use&Administration Research Center,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]中国国土勘测规划院,北京100035 [3]中国农业大学土地利用与管理中心,北京100193

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2025年第4期217-229,共13页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：第三次新疆综合科学考察项目(2021xjkk0200)。

摘　　要：为给制定阿克苏地区土地资源合理利用政策提供依据。采用阿克苏地区1990、2000、2010和2020年4个时间序列的遥感影像解译的土地利用类型数据,运用土地利用转移矩阵、单一和综合土地利用动态度以及生态环境质量指数指标,探究该地区近30年的土地利用及生态环境质量时空演变特征。结果表明:1)阿克苏地区近30年土地利用变化速率具有明显的阶段性,1990—2000年土地利用变化平缓,2000—2010年的土地利用变化剧烈,2010—2020年的土地利用变化较为活跃;综合土地利用动态度分别为0.09%、1.42%和0.78%。其中,草地面积减少了21844.50 hm^(2),耕地面积增加了5713.81 hm^(2),园地面积增加了1244.54 hm^(2)。2)土地利用变化的区域差异特征较为显著,中部、北部地区共有15018.32 hm^(2)草地和382.63 hm^(2)耕地转为其他土地,沿阿克苏河各支流周边有大量的草地转为耕地和林地,面积分别为2788.08和5754.89 hm^(2)。3)阿克苏地区1900、2000、2010和2020年的生态环境质量指数分别为0.39、0.39、0.32和0.34,整体偏低且呈现下降趋势,空间分布差异显著,高值区主要集中在研究区的北部,低值区主要集中在研究区的南部。4)土地利用变化及其生态环境效应变化在时间与空间上保持高度一致,在生态环境效应中起正向效应的主要有其他土地转为林地、草地,两者的贡献率达到70%以上;起负向效应的主要有草地变成耕地、其他土地以及水域面积的收缩,三者的贡献率近90%。因此,阿克苏地区土地资源利用应坚持以水定地的原则,即基于水资源承载力合理确定农业用地规模,优化土地利用结构与空间布局,促进绿色与高效发展。To provide the basis for formulating the policy of rational utilization of land resources in Aksu region,based on the land use type data interpreted by remote sensing images from 1990,2000,2010 and 2020 in Aksu region,the land use transfer matrix,single and comprehensive land use dynamic attitude and ecological environment quality index were used to explore the spatio-temporal evolution characteristics of land use and ecological environment quality in the region over the past 30 years.The results showed as follows:1)The rate of land use change in Aksu region in recent 30 years had obvious stages,which was gentle from 1990 to 2000,drastic from 2000 to 2010,and more active from 2010 to 2020;The dynamic attitudes of comprehensive land use were 0.09%,1.42%and 0.78%,respectively.Among them,the area of grassland decreased by 21844.50 hm^(2),the area of cultivated land increased by 5713.81 hm^(2),and the area of garden increased by 1244.54 hm^(2).2)The regional differences in land use change were significant.In the central and northern regions,a total of 15018.32 hm^(2) of grassland and 382.63 hm^(2) of arable land were converted to other land,and a large number of grasslands were converted to cultivated land and forest land along the tributaries of Aksu River,with an area of 2788.08 hm^(2) and 5754.89 hm^(2),respectively.3)The eco-environmental quality indexes of Aksu region in 1900,2000,2010 and 2020 were 0.39,0.39,0.32 and 0.34,respectively,showing an overall low and decreasing trend.The spatial distribution difference was significant,with the high-value area mainly concentrated in the northern part of the study area and the low-value area primarily focused on the southern part of the study area.4)Land use change and its eco-environmental effects are highly consistent in time and space.The main positive effects on eco-environmental effects are the conversion of other land to woodland and grassland,and the contribution rates of both reach more than 70%.The main negative effects are grassland change into cultivated lan

关 键 词：阿克苏地区 土地利用变化 动态度 生态环境质量 生态贡献率 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]