不同施肥处理对‘巴青’垂穗披碱草生产性能的影响  

Effect of different fertilization treatments on production performance of Elymus nutans‘Baqing’

作　　者：雷变霞 王明涛 王传旗 包赛很那 徐雅梅[1] 苗彦军[1] LEI Bianxia;WANG Mingtao;WANG Chuanqi;BAO SAI henna;Xu Yamei;MIAO Yanjun(Xizang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi 860000,Xizang,China;Gansu Forestry Voctech University,Tianshui 741020,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院,西藏林芝860000 [2]甘肃林业职业技术大学,甘肃天水741020

出　　处：《草学》2025年第1期43-51,58,共10页Journal of Grassland and Forage Science

基　　金：中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(ZYYD2023000147);国家自然科学基金项目(U21A20240、32260342);甘肃省教育厅:高校教师创新基金项目(2024B-254、2024B-261)。

摘　　要：为探究“3414”试验设计方案对高原栽培牧草产量的影响,本文以‘巴青’垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans‘Baqing’)为研究对象,分析不同施肥处理间的差异,并结合灰色关联度综合评价探求本地区最佳施肥配比,以期为西藏林芝地区‘巴青’垂穗披碱草高效生产提供理论依据。结果表明:施肥明显提高了‘巴青’垂穗披碱草的鲜、干草产量和分蘖数。肥料的增产效应表现为氮>钾>磷。土壤pH值在施肥后显著下降,且随着施氮水平增加而降低(P<0.05)。灰色关联度综合评价结果表现最好的处理为T6(N_(2)P_(2)K_(2))、T14(N_(2)P_(1)K_(1))和T5(N_(2)P_(1)K_(2))。依据PK施肥效应拟合方程,得到磷、钾肥最佳有效成分施用量为94.86 kg/hm^(2)和65.41 kg/hm^(2),此时理论最高鲜草产量高达20621.46 kg/hm^(2)。综合来看,考虑牧草产量和土壤养分推荐最佳氮磷钾有效成分施用水平为T6、T14和T5,仅考虑牧草鲜草产量推荐氮磷钾有效成分施用量为150.00 kg/hm^(2)、94.86 kg/hm^(2)和65.41 kg/hm^(2),可在西藏林芝地区推广利用。In order to explore the effect of“3414”experimental design on forage yield of cultivated forage grass in plateau,this paper took Elymus nutans‘Baqing’as the research object,analyzed the differences among different fertilization treatments,and the optimum fertilizer ratio was sought by grey relational grade comprehensive evaluation in order to provide theoretical basis for efficient production of Elymus nutans‘Baqing’,in Xizang Nyingchi area.The results showed that fertilizer significantly increased the fresh and hay yield and tiller number of Elymus nutans‘Baqing’.The yield-increasing effect of fertilizer was N>K>P.Soil pH decreased significantly after fertilization,and decreased with the increase of nitrogen application level(P<0.05).According to the fitting equation of P and K fertilization effect,the optimum application rates of PK were 94.86 kg/hm^(2) and 65.41 kg/hm^(2),and the theoretical maximum yield of fresh grass was 20621.46 kg/hm^(2).In conclusion,the optimum N,P and K application levels were T6(N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)),T14(N_(2)P_(1)K_(1))and T5(N_(2)P_(1)K_(2))considering forage yield and soil nutrients,and only considering fresh forage yield,the recommended application rates of N,P and K are 150.00 kg/hm^(2),94.86 kg/hm^(2) and 65.41 kg/hm^(2),which can be popularized and utilized in Linzhi,Xizang.

关 键 词：‘巴青’垂穗披碱草 施肥效应 土壤养分 “3414”试验设计 西藏 

分 类 号：S543.062[农业科学—作物学]