中国粮食流通领域节约减损的现实困境与推进策略  

The Practical Dilemma and Promotion Strategy of Saving and Reducing Losses in China’s Grain Circulation Sector

作　　者：朱满德[1,2] 程国强 Zhu Mande;Cheng Guoqiang

机构地区：[1]贵州大学经济学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州大学脱贫地区共同富裕研究省级创新团队,贵州贵阳550025 [3]中国人民大学,北京100872

出　　处：《中州学刊》2025年第3期31-38,共8页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“新发展阶段健全我国种粮农民收益保障机制研究”(72473034);国家社会科学基金重大项目“保障我国粮食和重要农产品稳定安全供给的路径与政策研究”(23&ZD121)。

摘　　要：深入实施粮食全链条节约减损战略是兼顾减轻农业资源环境压力和保障粮食供需基本平衡的有效途径,是构建中国特色粮食安全治理体系的创新举措。粮食流通涉及环节多、主体多,损失浪费规模巨大,具有极大的节约减损潜力,是推进粮食全链条节约减损的重点领域。现阶段,中国粮食产后服务供给不足和普通农户不愿购买产后服务并存,未经处理的粮食易损耗;粮食大规模、大范围、跨区域流通成为常态,因四散化流通比重低、“北粮南运”多式联运的反复装卸增加了物流损耗;农户储粮、私营企业储粮损耗大,但伴随政策性收储减少,大量粮食将流向私营企业和社会仓容;粮食超期储存、陈化处置、经济价值下降等隐性损失浪费巨大且易被忽视,以及粮食收储质量标准与加工消费要求脱节造成非必要的损耗浪费。为此,要因地制宜推进粮食产后服务体系建设,系统支持产区发展粮食产业集群,加快推动仓储布局优化和设施改善,改革创新政策性粮食收储和销售机制,适时调整粮食政策性收储标准,持续推进包括流通领域在内的粮食全链条节约减损,高质量服务国家粮食安全大局。The in-depth implementation of the strategy of saving and reducing losses in the whole grain chain is an effective way to reduce the pressure on agricultural resources and the environment and to guarantee the basic balance between supply and demand of grain,and it is an innovative initiative to build a food security governance system with Chinese characteristics.Grain circulation involves many links and subjects,and the scale of loss and waste is huge,with great potential for saving and reducing losses,which is a key area for promoting grain whole chain saving and reducing losses.At this stage,China’s post-production service supply of grain is insufficient and ordinary farmers are reluctant to purchase post-production services,and untreated grain is easy to lose.Large-scale and cross-regional circulation of grain has become the norm,and the low proportion of four-dispersed circulation and the repeated loading and unloading of multimodal transportation of“northern grain to the south”have increased the logistics loss.Grain storage by farmers and private enterprises has resulted in large losses,but with the reduction of policy-based storage,a large amount of grain will flow to private enterprises and social warehouses.Hidden losses such as over-storage,ageing and disposal of grain,and decline in economic value are huge and easy to overlook,and there is a disconnect between the quality standards for grain storage and collection and the requirements for processing and consumption,resulting in non-essential losses and wastage.To this end,we should promote the construction of post-production service system of grain according to local conditions,systematically support the development of grain industry clusters in production areas,accelerate the optimization of storage layout and improvement of facilities,reform and innovate the policy grain storage and marketing mechanism,and adjust the grain policy storage standards in due course,and continue to push forward the whole chain of grain including circulation area to s

关 键 词：粮食全链条节约减损 粮食流通 粮食物流 粮食收储制度 粮食安全 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济]