中国粮食加工环节损失现状、困境与减损路径  

Current Situation,Dilemma and Loss Reduction Path of Grain Processing Losses in China

作　　者：武拉平[1] 胡南燕 Wu Laping;Hu Nanyan

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学经济管理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中州学刊》2025年第3期39-47,共9页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“粮食全链条节约减损行动方案及政策体系研究”(22&ZD087);清华农村研究博士论文奖学金项目“中国稻谷加工环节损失及减损策略研究”(202428)。

摘　　要：粮安方能国安,减少粮食损耗是保障粮食安全的重要途径。粮食加工环节不仅是连接生产和消费的纽带,也是损失最为严重的环节。掌握粮食加工损失现状和减损潜力,采取针对性措施推动加工环节粮食减损,对于保障粮食安全至关重要。在对粮食加工环节损失进行概念界定的基础上,利用2023年调研数据,分析粮食加工环节损失现状及减损潜力。据测算,2023年中国粮食加工损失率为5.31%,按照当年粮食产量估算,损失量达到3463.12万吨;基于样本最小损失率与生产技术可行性,加工环节目标损失率为3.64%,减损潜力为1.66%,相当于可减少1084.66万吨粮食损失。然而,目前粮食加工环节仍面临工艺和设备落后、消费者认知存在误区和调查制度缺失等问题,亟须通过升级加工设备与工艺、加强节粮减损宣传以及建立健全粮食损失调查评估制度等途径,释放加工环节的减损潜力,夯实国家粮食安全根基。Only when the food is safe can the country be safe,and reducing food loss is an important way to guarantee food security.Grain processing is not only the link between production and consumption,but also the most serious link in which grain losses occur.Grasping the current situation of food processing losses and loss reduction potential,and taking targeted measures to promote food loss reduction in the processing chain are crucial to guaranteeing food security.Therefore,on the basis of defining the concept of grain processing losses,this study analyzes the current situation of grain processing losses and the potential for loss reduction by using the 2023 research data.The findings show that China’s grain processing loss rate was 5.31%in 2023,and according to the grain output of that year,the loss amount reached 34.63 million tons.Based on the minimum loss rate of the sample and the feasibility of production technology,the target loss rate of processing is calculated to be 3.64%,with a loss reduction potential of 1.66%,which is equivalent to a reduction of 10.84 million tons of grain loss.However,there are still problems such as outdated technology and equipment,misperceptions among consumers,and the lack of a survey system.Therefore,it is urgent to unleash the loss reduction potential of the processing chain and strengthen the foundation of national food security by upgrading processing equipment and technology,strengthening the publicity of food saving and loss reduction,and establishing a sound system of food loss survey and assessment.

关 键 词：粮食安全 加工环节损失 减损潜力 

分 类 号：F326.11[经济管理—产业经济]