公共教育支出对收入差距影响研究——基于95个国家的面板数据  

Research on the Impact of Public Education Expenditure on Income Gap——Based on Panel Data from 95 Countries

作　　者：张琳 Zhang Lin

机构地区：[1]中国财政科学研究院研究生院

出　　处：《财政科学》2024年第10期81-96,共16页Fiscal Science

摘　　要：为深入探究教育能否矫正社会收入分配不公、缩小贫富差距,本文以2002—2022年95个国家的面板数据为研究样本,运用面板双向固定效应模型考察了公共教育支出对收入差距的影响。结果表明公共教育支出有利于缩小收入差距,且对低收入和中等偏下收入国家的收入差距影响更加明显;国家治理能力能够强化公共教育支出对收入差距的负向影响;公共教育支出通过提高人力资本积累缩小居民收入差距。基于上述结论,建议适度增加公共教育支出规模,进一步提高国家治理能力,以此更好发挥公共教育支出对缩小收入差距的作用。In order to further explore whether education can correct the inequality of social income distribution and narrow the gap between the rich and the poor,this paper takes the panel data of 95 countries from 2002 to 2022 as research samples,and uses the two-way panel fixed effect model to investigate the impact of public education expenditure on income gap.The results show that public education expenditure is conducive to narrowing the income gap,and the impact on the income gap is more obvious in low and lower-middle income countries.The national governance ability can strengthen the negative impact of public education expenditure on the income gap.Public education expenditure can narrow the income gap by enhancing human capital accumulation.Based on this,in order to further narrow the income gap,it is suggested that moderately increase the scale of public education expenditure,and improve the national governance capacity.

关 键 词：公共教育支出 收入差距 经济发展水平 国家治理能力 

分 类 号：F812.45[经济管理—财政学]