金属硫蛋白研究现状及发展趋势  

Research Status and Development Trend of Metallothionein

作　　者：肖庆 沈艺鹏 王国增[2] XIAO Qing;SHEN Yipeng;WANG Guozeng(Institute of Materia Medica,Fujian Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Fuzhou 350003,China;College of Biological Science and Technology,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省中医药科学院药物研究所,福州350003 [2]福州大学生物科学与工程学院,福州350108

出　　处：《中国生物工程杂志》2025年第1期49-61,共13页China Biotechnology

基　　金：福建省省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2023R1003008);福建省自然科学基金(2024J01773)资助项目。

摘　　要：金属硫蛋白(metallothioneins,MTs)是一类低分子量、富含半胱氨酸残基且广泛分布于各类生物体的非酶金属结合蛋白,具有调控金属稳态、抵御氧化应激、屏蔽重金属等多种生物学功能,在食品、医药、环境、化妆品等领域具有广泛应用。关于MTs的基因发现、表达调控、结构表征、功能鉴定以及应用范围拓展等方面已有大量研究,但因其种类、结构和功能的多样性和复杂性,导致MTs还远未被完全了解。通过对全球范围内金属硫蛋白的相关研究文献进行分析,综述了金属硫蛋白领域的研究现状和动态热点,主要包括以下五个方面:金属硫蛋白的种类和结构;基因表达及其调控;锌稳态和铜稳态的调控等重要生物学功能;在生物医学领域中的角色和作用;在重金属污染生物治理领域的应用。未来金属硫蛋白研究趋向于:微生物源金属硫蛋白的开发;金属硫蛋白的高效表达及制备;建立或发展新的高分辨率的金属硫蛋白表征方法;探讨金属生物动力学与金属硫蛋白诱导表达之间的相关性以及金属硫蛋白的应用拓展。Metallothioneins(MTs)are a class of non-enzyme metal-binding proteins with low molecular weight and rich cysteine residues.MTs have many biological functions,such as regulating metal homeostasis,resisting oxidative stress,and screening heavy metals.They are widely used in food,medicine,environment,cosmetics and other fields.There have been a lot of studies on the gene discovery,expression regulation,structural characterization,functional identification and application range expansion of MTs.However,MTs are far from being fully understood due to the diversity and complexity of their species,structure and function.Based on the comprehensive analysis of the literature related to MTs in the world,the current research status and dynamic hot spots in the field of MTs were reviewed,which mainly included the following five aspects:the species and structures,gene expression and its regulation,zinc and copper homeostasis,the role of MTs in the biomedical field,and the application of MTs in the remediation of heavy metal contamination.After sorting out the problems and challenges in the field,it was found that the future research of MTs tends to:the development of microbial-derived MTs,efficient expression and preparation of MTs,establishment of new high-resolution characterization methods for MTs,exploration of the correlation between metal bio-dynamics and induced expression,and application expansion of MTs.

关 键 词：金属硫蛋白 种类结构 生物学功能 表达调控 生物标志物 

分 类 号：Q819[生物学—生物工程]