雷丸老伞个体发育特征及驯化栽培  

Developmental characteristics and domestication of Gerronema lapidescens

作　　者：李娜[1,3] 卓维 余中莲 赵小红 王晗 卢圣鄂 曹纬国 LI Na;ZHUO Wei;YU Zhonglian;ZHAO Xiaohong;WANG Han;LU Shenge;CAO Weiguo(College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400016,China;Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Characteristic Biological Resources Jointly Established by Sichuan and Chongqing,Chongqing Pharmaceutical Planting Research Institute,Chongqing 408435,China;College of Chinese Materia Medica,Chongqing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chongqing 402760,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆医科大学中医药学院,重庆400016 [2]重庆市药物种植研究所特色生物资源研究与利用川渝共建重点实验室,重庆408435 [3]重庆中医药学院中药学院,重庆402760

出　　处：《菌物学报》2025年第2期81-93,共13页Mycosystema

基　　金：重庆市科研机构绩效激励引导专项(2022JK008)。

摘　　要：通过考察雷丸老伞Gerronema lapidescens(中药名:雷丸)子实体在不同栽培基质、光照强度及栽种季节下的生长情况,探究个体发育特征及驯化栽培的最适条件。观察表明,子实体形成过程中,雷丸老伞菌丝先交织为米粒状原基,经伸长、增粗后形成白色柱状子实体;随后柱状体顶端中央部分膨大分化为半球形黑色菌盖,随着菌盖颜色由深变浅,体积逐渐增大,产生担孢子,形成成熟子实体。菌核形成的过程中,菌丝先聚集成束形成菌索,菌索末端萌发出结构较为疏松的白色菌丝团,随着菌丝团密度的增加、体积的扩张以及表皮颜色的由浅入深,菌丝团逐渐形成成熟的菌核,并从菌索上脱落。栽培条件研究表明:在配方为木屑87.7%、玉米粉5.0%、麦麸5.0%、豆粕1.0%、石膏1.0%、MgSO_(4)0.1%、KH_(2)PO_(4)0.2%的栽培基质中,菌丝日生长量最快,长势旺盛,为最佳栽培配方。环境温度较高的8月份是人工诱导子实体萌发的最适时间。在700 lx光照强度下,子实体形态最接近于野生状态。The development characteristics at different growth stages of fruiting bodies of Gerronema lapidescens(Chinese medicine name:Leiwan)were observed under different cultivation substrates,light intensities and planting seasons to determine the optimal conditions for domestication and cultivation of the fungus.The observation showed that in the process of fruiting body formation,the mycelium initially interweaved into a rice-like primordium,and then the primordium elongated and thickened to form a white columnar fruiting body.Subsequently,the central part of the tip of the column expanded and differentiated into a hemispherical black cap.With the cap colour lightened and cap volume increased,basidiospores were produced and a mature fruiting body formed.In the process of sclerotium formation,mycelium first aggregated and twisted into bundle to form rhizomorph,and the end of the rhizomorph sprouted white mycelial cluster with a relatively loose structure.With the density of the mycelial cluster increased,the volume expanded and the epidermal colour changed from light to dark,and finally the mycelial cluster gradually formed a mature sclerotium and detached itself from the rhizomorph.The cultivation experiment showed that the culture medium containing wood chips(87.7%),cornmeal(5.0%),wheat bran(5.0%),soybean meal(1.0%),gypsum(1.0%),MgSO_(4)(0.1%),and KH_(2)PO_(4)(0.2%)resulted in the fastest mycelial daily growth rate and the most vigorous growth,suggesting that it is the optimal cultivation formula.The higher environmental temperature in August was the optimal time for artificially inducing the formation of fruiting bodies.The morphology of the fruiting bodies approached the wild state under light intensity of 700 lx.

关 键 词：雷丸老伞 子实体 驯化栽培 发育特征 

分 类 号：S567.3[农业科学—中草药栽培]