校园欺凌旁观者共情能力与干预行为的小组工作研究——以上海市S校七年级为例  

A Group Work Study on Enhancing Empathy and Intervention Behaviors among Bystanders in School Bullying—Taking the 7th Grade of S School in Shanghai as an Example

作　　者：陈慧菁 汤静雯 Chen Huijing;Tang Jingwen

机构地区：[1]上海大学社会工作系

出　　处：《都市社会工作研究》2024年第1期149-175,237-238,共29页Research on Urban Social Work

摘　　要：本研究以旁观者干预五步模型为理论依据,以认知行为治疗模式为实务指导,探讨旨在提升校园欺凌旁观者共情能力、促进旁观者采取干预行为的小组工作的介入效果。研究以上海市S校七年级学生为研究对象,随机选取86名学生,采用问卷法和访谈法开展前期需求调研。在此基础上,结合提升共情能力、促进旁观者采取干预行为的小组目标设计介入方案。本研究从前期调研中筛选20名研究对象,采用随机对照组实验法将其分配至实验组和对照组,对实验组进行连续六次的小组工作介入。研究结果表明,小组工作有效提升了实验组成员的共情能力(F=16.64, p<0.001),尤其是认知共情(F=39.02,p<0.001),也显著提升了旁观者的干预倾向(F=221.77, p<0.001)及各分维度得分;访谈结果显示小组工作回应了旁观者的各项服务需求,包括:提升共情能力、准确识别校园欺凌行为、了解欺凌危害、直面个体责任、克服恐惧心理与增强介入信心。本研究提示,提升校园欺凌旁观者的共情水平、促进其采取积极干预行为是预防和治理校园欺凌的一条可行路径。This study was based on the Five-Step Bystander Intervention Model and the Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy approach,in order to explore the effects of group work aimed at enhancing empathy and promoting bystander intervention in school bullying.The study focused on seventh grade students at S School in Shanghai.86 students were randomly selected,and questionnaire and interview methods were used to conduct preliminary needs survey.Intervention plan was designed based on group goals to enhance empathy and to promote bystander intervention behaviors.20 participants were selected from the preliminary survey and were assigned to the experiment group and control group using a randomized controlled trial method.The experiment group underwent six sessions of group work intervention.The intervention results showed that the group work effectively improved the empathy of the experiment group members,especially cognitive empathy,and also significantly improved the scores of bystander intervention.The interview results showed that the group work responded to various service needs of the bystanders,including improving empathy,accurately identifying school bullying behaviors,understanding the harm of bullying,facing individual responsibilities,overcoming fear,and enhancing intervention confidence.This study suggests that enhancing the empathy level of bystanders and promoting their active intervention in school bullying is a feasible path for preventing and managing school bullying.

关 键 词：校园欺凌 旁观者干预 共情 小组工作 旁观者干预五步模型 

分 类 号：C916[经济管理] G637[社会学]