复杂建筑钢结构加工制造技术发展与实践  

Development and Practice of Processing and Manufacturing Technology for Complex Building Steel Structures

作　　者：高继领 Jiling Gao(Jiangsu Huning Steel Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Yixing 214231,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏沪宁钢机股份有限公司,江苏宜兴214231

出　　处：《钢结构(中英文)》2024年第11期72-79,共8页Steel Construction(Chinese & English)

摘　　要：钢结构相较于传统混凝土结构,因其质量轻、强度高、易成型等优势,逐渐在建筑行业得到广泛应用。自19世纪末至今,钢结构的应用不断扩展,尤其在高层建筑和体育场馆中表现突出。中国的钢结构发展起步较晚,但随着城市建设的快速推进,特别是2008年北京奥运会的契机,涌现出众多创新型建筑,推动了钢结构技术的进步。我国复杂建筑钢结构的发展大致可分为3个阶段:第一阶段(20世纪90年代),上海大剧院等项目采用复杂构造的焊接箱型和钢管桁架结构;第二阶段(2000—2010年),国家体育场等项目的建设标志着复杂建筑钢结构的快速发展;第三阶段(近十年),随着技术创新,各类复杂钢结构层出不穷,如上海中心大厦等。复杂钢结构多用于特殊建筑造型的外露构件,或因建筑结构的复杂性导致节点构造特别复杂。常见的应用包括异形截面构件、空间曲面构件等。复杂钢构件的加工制造技术主要涉及:1)深化设计技术:从手工绘图到CAD,再到BIM模型的建立,提升设计效率和准确性;2)专用设备的开发:如多维相贯线切割机和大行程端铣机等,提升加工精度和效率;3)异形截面构件成型技术:采用冷加工、热加工及样箱检测等多种工艺,满足复杂构件的加工需求。钢管弯制成型工包括热弯和冷弯两种方法,适用于不同曲率半径的钢管加工。大口径钢管和锥形管加工采用卷制和压制成型工艺,适用于不同口径和形状的钢管。Compared with traditional concrete structures,steel structures have gradually been widely used in the construction industry due to their light weight,high strength and easy forming.Since the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century,the application of steel structure has been expanding,especially in high-rise buildings and stadiums.The development of steel structure in China started late,but with the rapid advancement of urban construction,especially the opportunity of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games,numerous innovative buildings have emerged,which has promoted the progress of steel structure technology.There is no strict standard for the definition of complex architectural steel structure,and this paper discusses it from the perspective of processing and manufacturing process.The development of complex architectural steel structure in China can be roughly divided into three stages:the first stage(1990s):projects such as Shanghai Grand Theatre used welded box and steel pipe truss structures with complex configurations.The second stage(from the early 2000s to the mid-2010s):the construction of projects such as the National Stadium marked the rapid development of steel structures for complex buildings.Phase III(more than a decade ago):With technological innovation,all kinds of complex steel structures have emerged,such as the Shanghai Centre Tower.Complex steel structure is mostly used for the exposed components of special architectural shapes,or the node structure is particularly complicated due to the complexity of the building structure.Common applications include shaped cross-section members,space curved surface members and so on.The processing and manufacturing technology of complex steel components mainly focuses on the following aspects:deepening design technology:from manual drawing to CAD,and then to the establishment of BIM model,to improve the design efficiency and accuracy.Development of special equipment:such as multi-dimensional coherent line cutting machine and largestroke end mill

关 键 词：空间曲面钢板 样箱 热弯成型 冷弯成型 

分 类 号：TU758.16[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]