铝合金结构的技术现状与展望  

Technical Status and Prospect of Aluminum Structures

作　　者：张其林[1,3] 欧阳元文 Qilin Zhang;Yuanwen Ouyang(Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China;Shanghai Tongzheng Architectural Technology Group Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 201106,China;Shanghai Jianke Aluminium Structure&Engineering Research Institute,Shanghai 201199,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学,上海200092 [2]上海通正建筑科技集团有限公司,上海201106 [3]上海建科铝合金结构工程研究院,上海201199

出　　处：《钢结构(中英文)》2024年第11期28-39,共12页Steel Construction(Chinese & English)

摘　　要：介绍了铝合金材料的力学性能及其与钢材的比较。回顾了铝合金结构的应用历史:20世纪40年代起美国、英国、德国等发达国家开始兴建铝合金桥梁。50年代起,英、美、苏联等国开始将铝合金材料应用于机库、植物园、仓库、博物馆等各类民用建筑中,且大都采用板式节点和穹顶结构体系。我国改革开放后的1996-2010年,兴建了近20座铝合金结构,其中约一半采用了引进的板式节点穹顶,另一半自主研发了铝合金螺栓球网架结构。自2010年以来的十多年,铝合金结构在我国得到了快速发展,迄今已经建造了30余座铝合金网格结构。虽然板式节点形式已成为铝合金网格结构的主流形式,但各类具有较大抗剪、抗弯刚度的新型板式节点也得到了研究和应用,铝合金网格结构的穹顶外形也被拓展应用至自由曲面外形、平屋面、大开口扁壳、悬挂外形等。高度大于500 mm的工字形和“日”字型截面等生产设备和工艺研发成功,并在实际工程中得到了应用。在原国家规范《铝合金结构设计规范》和《铝合金结构施工质量验收规范》基础上合并修编的国家标准《铝合金结构技术标准》也编制完成等待出版实施。我国铝合金网格结构从引进、模仿到自主创新,已经发展成为研究和应用的大国和强国。The mechanical properties of aluminum material and its comparison with steel are introduced.The application history of aluminum alloy structure is reviewed.In the 1940s,the developed countries such as the United State,Britain and Germany began to build aluminum bridges.Since the 1950s,Britain,the United State,and the Soviet Union began using aluminum material in various civilian buildings,such as hangars,botanical gardens,warehouses,and museums,mostly in the form of plate joint and spherical dome.During the period of 1996 to 2010 after the reform and opening-up in China,nearly 20 aluminum structures were established,of which about half adopted the imported structural system with plate joint and spherical dome shapes,while the other half used independently developed aluminum bolt-ball lattice trusses.In the past ten years since 2010,aluminum structures have obtained rapid development in China,with more than 30 aluminum grid structures built so far.The plate joint type has become the main form of aluminum grid structures.However,various new plate joints with higher shear resistance and bending stiffness have been studied and applied in real projects.The dome shape of aluminum grid structures has also been expanded to free-form shapes,flat roof,shallow shell with large opening,and suspended shapes.The production equipment and manufacturing process of H-section with height larger than 500 mm and“日”type sections were successfully developed and applied in real engineering projects.The national standard“Technical Standard for Aluminum Structures”has been completed,which was compiled based on the revising and merging on the original national standards“Design Code for Aluminum Structures”and“Construction Quality Acceptance Code for Aluminum Structures”.China in the field of aluminum structures from the introduction,imitation,to independent innovation,has developed into a major and powerful country for research and application.

关 键 词：铝合金网格结构 材料性能 发展历史 工程应用 节点和结构体系创新 

分 类 号：TU395[建筑科学—结构工程]