复杂山区河道三维水动力模型构建和山洪流量估算研究  

Three-dimensional hydrodynamic modeling and flash flood flow estimation in complex mountain rivers

作　　者：钟远卓 童瑞 ZHONG Yuanzhuo;TONG Rui(College of Hydrology and Water Resources,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,Jiangsu,China;Department of Hydraulic Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 1000841,China)

机构地区：[1]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098 [2]清华大学水利水电工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《水利水电技术(中英文)》2024年第S2期497-501,共5页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52309024);国家重点研发计划(2022YFC3002900)

摘　　要：为提高山区洪水预报精度,需要开展山洪流量的测量和估算,但山区河道往往难以布设传统测流设施,限制了洪水预报模型精度的提升。对传统测流设施存在使用限制的复杂山区河道,探索基于三维计算流体动力学(CFD)的山洪流量估算方法。使用CFD仿真软件建立三维水动力数值模型,求解得出山区河道水文观测点测流断面处水位-流量对应关系,从而估算山洪流量,并使用固定式测流设备对数值模型进行验证。在北京西台子试验流域的应用结果显示:使用CFD仿真软件FLUENT建立的数值模型模拟值与实测值平均相对误差为5.8%,最大相对误差为8.7%,表明模型可以在条件复杂的山区河道对山洪流量进行较高精度的估算,解决山洪流量估算工作中传统测流设施量程外或无法工作区域的问题。In order to improve the accuracy of flood forecasting in mountainous areas,it is necessary to proceed the measurement and estimation of flash flood flow.However,it is often difficult to deploy traditional flow measurement facilities in mountainous rivers,limiting the improvement of flood forecasting model accuracy.A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD)-based approach for flash flood flow estimation in a complex mountainous river was explored.CFD simulation software was used to establish a three-dimensional hydrodynamic numerical model,aiming at establishing the stage-discharge relationship at the flow measurement section of the hydrological observation point.The numerical model was validated by using a stationary flow measurement device.The result of the application in the Xitaizi experimental watershed in Beijing shows that:the average relative error between the observation and the simulation of the numerical model built by CFD simulation software FLUENT is 5.8%,and the maximum relative error is 8.7%.It reveals that the model can estimate flash flood flow with high accuracy in the mountainous river with complex conditions,and can help solve the problem of out-of-range or unworkable areas of traditional flow measurement facilities in flash flood flow estimation.

关 键 词：山区河道 流量估算 水动力数值模型 数值模拟 CFD 

分 类 号：TV123[水利工程—水文学及水资源]