拉林铁路及沿线气候因子对潜在蒸散量的影响  

The impact of climate factors along the lalin railway and its route on potential evapotranspiration

作　　者：石立 张乃畅[1,2] 耿启明 寇晓梅 曹永翔[1,2] SHI Li;ZHANG Naichang;GENG Qiming;KOU Xiaomei;CAO Yongxiang(Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited,Xi'an 710065,Shaanxi,China;Shaan'xi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for River and Lake Ecosystems Protection and Restoration,Xi′an 710065,Shaanxi,China;China Three Gorges University,Yichang 443002,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,陕西西安710065 [2]陕西省四主体一联合河湖生态系统保护与修复校企联合研究中心,陕西西安710065 [3]三峡大学土木与建筑学院,湖北宜昌443002

出　　处：《水利水电技术(中英文)》2024年第S2期304-310,共7页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

摘　　要：西藏地区由于长日照、高辐射导致生态修复进程中水分蒸散量高于我国其他地区,蒸散成为直接决定生态修复成败的关键。拉林铁路沿雅鲁藏布江两岸布设,铁路的建设不可避免地破坏雅鲁藏布江流域沿线的植被和土壤,给雅鲁藏布江流域生态系统产生不利影响。本研究以拉林铁路沿线站点气温、气压等气象资料,利用Penman-Monteith (P-M)模型计算了月、季及年的潜在蒸散量(PE),分析了拉林铁路沿线站点PE变化特征。结果表明:拉林铁路沿线站点潜在蒸散量PE受温度、太阳辐射、饱和水汽压、风速等多种因素共同作用,温度和风速分别成为主导PE增加和降低的关键因子。干季的PE大小由温度和水汽压的共同作用决定,湿季则主要受参考作物表面净辐射直接影响。拉林铁路的建设不可避免地造成沿线站点PE以及平均PE显著升高,进而减缓铁路沿线的生态修复进程。平均温度是影响拉林铁路沿线站点PE的首要因素,参考作物表面净辐射和降雨量对PE也有极显著影响。Due to long sunshine and high radiation,water evapotranspiration in Xizang is higher than that in other regions of China in the process of ecological restoration,and evapotranspiration has become the key to the success of ecological restoration.The Lalin Railway is laid along both banks of the the Yarlung Zangbo River.The construction of the railway will inevitably damage the vegetation and soil along the the Yarlung Zangbo River basin,and will have adverse effects on the ecosystem of the the Yarlung Zangbo River basin.This study used meteorological data such as temperature and air pressure at stations along the Lalin Railway to calculate monthly,seasonal,and annual potential evapotranspiration(PE)using the Penman Monteith(P-M)model,and analyzed the characteristics of PE changes at stations along the Lalin Railway.The result show that the potential evapotranspiration of PE at stations along the Lalin Railway is influenced by multiple factors such as temperature,solar radiation,saturated water vapor pressure,and wind speed.Temperature and wind speed are the key factors that dominate the increase and decrease of PE,respectively.The size of PE in the dry season is determined by the combined effect of temperature and water vapor pressure,while in the wet season it is mainly directly affected by the net radiation from the reference crop surface.The construction of the Lalin Railway inevitably leads to a significant increase in station PE and average PE along the railway,thereby slowing down the ecological restoration process along the railway.The average temperature is the primary factor affecting the PE of stations along the Lalin Railway,and the net radiation and rainfall on the surface of reference crops also have a significant impact on PE.

关 键 词：拉林铁路 潜在蒸散量 温度 水汽压 风速 降雨量 

分 类 号：TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]