石漠化边坡新型植被板槽底腔蓄水和填土水分变化规律试验  

Model test on water storage of vegetated slab trench with bottom channel on rocky desertification slope and water retention of the filled soil

作　　者：李旭 范丽娟 周泽昶 黄超 覃林 罗祺 LI Xu;FAN Lijuan;ZHOU Zechang;HUANG Chao;QIN Lin;LUO Qi(Guangxi New Development Transportation Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530029,Guangxi,China;College of Water Resource and Hydropower,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610065,Sichuan,China;Guangxi Communication Design Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530011,Guangxi,China;Guangxi Road and Bridge Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530002,Guangxi,China;Guangxi Beitou Environmental Protection&Water Group Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530011,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西新发展交通集团有限公司,广西南宁530029 [2]四川大学水利水电学院,四川成都610065 [3]广西交通设计集团有限公司,广西南宁530011 [4]广西路桥工程集团有限公司,广西南宁530002 [5]广西北投环保水务集团有限公司,广西南宁530011

出　　处：《水利水电技术(中英文)》2024年第S2期843-852,共10页Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金重点支持项目(U22A20602,U2340227);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB2600100)

摘　　要：中国西南石漠化地区特殊的地表-地下双层渗漏结构使得边坡地表和地下水土流失严重,缺土少水制约了该地区生态恢复。为此,设计了石漠化边坡上新型梯级植被板槽的技术方案,实现象“坎儿井”似的土-水上下分层共蓄的植被恢复。为探究新型植被板槽结构的降雨集蓄和耐旱持水能力,设计并开展了不同降雨强度、不同植株数量的植被板槽模型试验,分别在降雨与随后30 d干燥条件下,对比分析降雨强度与植株数量对植被板槽模型蓄水与持水过程的影响。试验结果表明:新型植被板槽结构能有效蓄水与持水,在没模拟坡面径流汇入板槽的情况下,降雨强度越大,植被板槽蓄水效率越高;在雨后干燥期间,蓄水腔的蓄水深度越深,竖向吸水带的吸水效率越高;特别地在干旱季,为了减少表面洒水浇灌的浪费,往类似“坎儿井”的板槽底部蓄水腔沟补水是必要的。本研究对于促进石漠化边坡植被恢复具有一定的理论与实践指导作用。In the unique surface and subsurface dual-layer geological structure of the rock desertification area in southwest China,severe erosion of both surface and subsurface soil and water loss occurs on the slopes.Lack of soil and water constraints the ecological restoration in this region.The effective utilization of rainwater on rock desertification slopes has become an essential approach for vegetation restoration.Therefore,in this study a technical solution was proposed to install a new type of vegetated slab trench on rock desertification slopes,so as to achieve vegetation restoration with water and soil stored in layer,similar to the idea of“Kan-er Well”.To investigate the rainwater collection and drought-resistant water-holding capacity of the novel vegetated structure,the following tasks were conducted,i.e.,designing and conducting model experiments of vegetated slab trench with different rainfall intensities and plant quantities.Under both rainy and dry conditions,the impact of rainfall intensity and plant coverage on the water storage and retention processes of the vegetated slab trench model were analyzed.The test result indicate that the new vegetated slab trench effectively stores and retains water.As rainfall intensity increases,the water storage efficiency improves.During the drying period,the deeper the water storage depth in the water storage chamber,the higher the absorption efficiency of the water absorption belt.This study simulates the mechanism of rainwater collection during the rainy season and water supply to vegetation from the bottom water storage chamber to the upper filled soil during drought.Problems of rainwater leakage during the rainy season on stone desertification slopes and vegetation death during the dry season may be solved.The findings provide a theoretical basis for the engineering application of vegetated slab trench on rock desertification slopes.

关 键 词：石漠化边坡 植被恢复 植被板槽 降雨集蓄 土-水分层共蓄 持水模型试验 

分 类 号：U231.3[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]