自钝化钨合金高温氧化性能研究现状  

Research Development on High Temperature Oxidation Properties of Self-Passivating Tungsten Alloys

作　　者：唐康尧 王曼[1,2] 席晓丽[1,3] 王亚楠[1] Tang Kangyao;Wang Man;Xi Xiaoli;Wang Ya’nan(Collaborative Innovation Center of Capital Resource-Recycling Material Technology,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Big-Data Application Technology,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials,Ministry of Education,Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China)

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学材料与制造学部首都资源循环材料技术省部共建协同创新中心,北京100124 [2]北京工业大学工业大数据应用技术国家工程实验室,北京100124 [3]北京工业大学材料与制造学部新型功能材料教育部重点实验室,北京100124

出　　处：《稀有金属》2024年第11期1601-1611,共11页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金项目(52025042);国家自然科学基金项目(51901005,52242401)资助

摘　　要：钨因具有高熔点、高硬度和优良的抗离子溅射性能,被选为聚变堆面向等离子体第一壁的重要候选材料。但是钨的抗氧化性能较差,严重限制了其工程应用。通过添加钝化元素制备自钝化钨合金,可形成保护性氧化膜改善其抗氧化性能。与纯钨相比,自钝化钨合金的抗氧化性能提高了2~4个数量级。近年来,研究者从成分设计和成分优化对自钝化钨合金开展了大量研究,取得了丰硕成果。通过添加Si或Cr制备的W-Si或W-Cr二元自钝化钨合金,因可形成SiO_(2)或Cr_(2)O_(3)保护膜,其抗氧化性能明显提高。在二元自钝化钨合金基础上,通过添加活性金属元素如Y,Zr改善氧化产物与合金基体的结合力,发展了三元和四元自钝化钨合金,进一步改善了其抗氧化性能。总结归纳了自钝化钨合金的研究进展,从氧化前后显微结构、物相分析、氧化增重等方面论述了其氧化过程及机制。在此基础上,指出了自钝化钨合金面临的问题并对其发展前景进行了展望。Tungsten has been widely applied in the fields of national defense,aerospace and nuclear systems because of its high melting point,high hardness and excellent resistance to ion sputtering.Especially,tungsten was considered to be the primary candidate material for key components in the future nuclear fusion systems,such as divertor and plasma facing materials(PFMs).When the cooling system of fusion system failed due to natural or human factors,the internal temperature would reach around 1200℃.At this temperature,tungsten would be oxidized to form volatile WO3,resulting in failure of the device,which severely limited the engineering application of tungsten in the field of nuclear fusion.The oxidation resistance of tungsten could be effectively improved through addition of alloying elements to prepare self-passivating tungsten alloys.There were two kinds of preparation methods including magnetron sputtering and powder metallurgy.The results showed that the oxidation resistance of self-passivating tungsten alloys was mainly affected by three factors.First,microstructure characteristics of the alloy played an important role in the anti-oxidation performance;second,the content of passivation elements played a decisive role in whether protective oxide film could be formed or not;finally,adhesion of the oxide film to the alloy matrix was critical to good oxidation resistance.In recent years,improvement in oxidation resistance of self-passivation tungsten alloys were mainly focused in composition design and composition optimization,where fruitful achievements were obtained.Binary selfpassivation tungsten alloys mainly included W-Si and W-Cr.Compared with pure tungsten,the oxidation weight gain per unit area of W-Si alloy decreases by more than 10 times from 600 to 1000℃.This was because that Si could form a dense protective SiO_(2) film on the surface of alloy,which inhibited further oxidation of the alloy matrix.Also,the oxidation rate of W-Si alloy decreased with increasing Si content.However,intermetallic phase suc

关 键 词：自钝化钨合金 抗氧化性能 核聚变反应堆 氧化增重 微观结构 

分 类 号：TG146[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]