2014—2020年广西重金属污染地区人群尿铅水平调查  

Levels of urinary lead among populations in heavy metal polluted area of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,2014-2020

作　　者：杨丹[1] 钟格梅[1] 黄林[1] 许露曦 蒋慧[1] 黄江平[1] 黎林[1] 韦日荣[1] 黎勇[1] YANG Dan;ZHONG Gemei;HUANG Lin;XU Luxi;JIANG Hui;HUANG Jiangping;LI Lin;WEI Rirong;LI Yong(Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Nanning,Guangxi 530028,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心,广西南宁530028

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2024年第12期1454-1458,共5页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹经费科研课题(2-A20220361)

摘　　要：目的 了解广西重金属污染重点地区人群的尿铅水平,为重金属污染地区防治工作提供科学数据。方法 2014—2020年在广西某地区典型重金属污染区域选择具有代表性的3个行政村作为污染区;在距离污染区30~50 km的邻近地区,选择与污染区自然条件、经济发展水平、生活习惯相近,且无矿山开采和冶炼企业的1个行政村作为对照区。采用随机抽样的方法抽取居住3年以上、以食用本地自产粮食和蔬菜为主、无重金属相关职业性暴露、年龄在18~70岁的当地居民为调查对象,收集80~100 ml尿液,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定尿铅水平,计算尿铅水平、检出率和超标率。结果 调查对象包括污染区3 529人和对照区1 415人,污染区人群尿铅M(IQR)为3.85(4.11)μg/L,对照区人群尿铅M(IQR)为2.34(2.22)μg/L,两区域尿铅水平差异有统计学意义(Z=18.708,P<0.001)。污染区人群尿铅的检出范围为ND~276.02μg/L,有4人尿铅水平超出标准,尿铅超标率为0.11%;对照区人群尿铅的检出范围为ND~34.22μg/L,无尿铅超标者,尿铅检出率(85.51%)低于污染区(91.16%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=34.392,P<0.001)。在相同研究区域内,尿铅检出率表现为男性高于女性,吸烟者高于不吸烟者。与对照区相比,污染区人群尿铅水平均高于对照区相应分组的尿铅水平(均P<0.05);污染区人群尿铅检出率随居住时间的增加而增高(χ^(2)_(趋势)=11.892,P<0.001);污染区不吸烟者、不饮酒者的人群尿铅检出率均高于对照区(吸烟:χ^(2)=30.670,P<0.001;饮酒:χ^(2)=45.912,P<0.001);在校正人口学特征后,协方差分析结果显示两区域间人群尿铅水平差异有统计学意义(F=120.444,P<0.001)。结论 广西重金属污染区人群铅负荷水平处于相对较低的状态,且存在性别、居住时间和个人习惯的差异;环境铅污染对人群健康依然存在潜在影响。Objective To investigate the urinary lead levels among populations in heavy metal polluted areas of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,and to provide scientific data for supporting heavy metal pollution prevention and control in these areas.Methods Three administrative villages were selected as the representative polluted areas in a typical heavy metal pollution area in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2014 and 2020.In the adjacent area 30-50 km away from the polluted areas,an administrative village with similar natural conditions,economic development level and living habits of the polluted areas,and having no mining and smelting enterprises,was selected as the control area.A random sampling method was used to select local residents aged 18-70 years who had lived locally for more than 3 years,mainly consumed locally produced food and vegetables,and had no occupational exposure to heavy metals to serve as the research subjects,and their urine samples(80-100 ml)were collected.The urinary lead levels were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS),and the level,detection rate and excess criterion rate of urinary lead were calculated.Results The study included 3,529 subjects from the polluted areas and 1,415 ones from the control area.The median urinary lead level based on mean(M)and inter quartile range(IQR)was significantly higher in the polluted areas than in the control area(3.85(4.11)μg/L vs.2.34(2.22)μg/L),showing statistically significant differences in the urinary lead levels between the polluted areas and the control area(Z=18.708,P<0.001).The detection range of urinary lead in the polluted areas was ND-276.02μg/L,and four subjects with excessive urinary lead were found,with the excess criterion rate of urinary lead being 0.11%.The detection range of urinary lead in the control area was ND-34.22μg/L,and no subjects with excessive urinary lead were found.The detection rate of urinary lead in the control area was lower than that in the polluted areas(85.51%vs.91.16%),showing a s

关 键 词：铅暴露 尿铅 重金属 广西人群 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学]