2020—2022年柳州市新生儿先天性心脏病发生率变化趋势及影响因素分析  

Changing trend in the incidence rate of neonatal congenital heart disease and its influencing factors in Liuzhou City,2020-2022

作　　者：刘柳 韩咏 张玉 胡敏 农铮 曾定元 LIU Liu;HAN Yong;ZHANG Yu;HU Min;NONG Zheng;ZENG Dingyuan(Liuzhou Municipal Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545001,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Birth Cohort Study in Pregnant Women With Advanced Age,Liuzhou,Guangxi 545001,China)

机构地区：[1]柳州市妇幼保健院,广西柳州545001 [2]广西高龄孕产妇出生队列研究重点实验室,广西柳州545001

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2024年第12期1414-1417,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：广西卫健委自筹经费科研课题(z20200470);广西卫健委自筹经费科研课题(z20190263);广西科技重点研发计划(桂科AB18126056)

摘　　要：目的 分析2020—2022年柳州市新生儿先天性心脏病(congenital heart disease, CHD)的发生情况及趋势变化,了解CHD的影响因素,为降低CHD的发生率提供科学依据。方法 于2020年1月1日—2022年12月31日采用普查的方式,对柳州市109 159名新生儿进行CHD筛查,收集一般人口学资料及CHD的相关影响因素,采用多因素条件logistic回归分析新生儿CHD发生的影响因素。结果 2020—2022年柳州市新生儿CHD发生率呈上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=147.920,P<0.001),2022年发生率为1.50%,比2020年上升0.91%。新生儿CHD患儿1 138例,CHD发生率1.04%。与母亲年龄25~29岁相比,35~55岁CHD发生的风险较高(OR_(35~39岁)=1.428,95%CI:1.208~1.687;OR_(40~55岁)=1.650,95%CI:1.277~2.132);与汉族相比,苗族(OR=0.472,95%CI:0.348~0.641)、侗族(OR=0.595,95%CI:0.439~0.807)发生CHD的风险较小,但是壮族、瑶族对CHD的危险作用不明显。母亲户籍为农村(OR=0.692,95%CI:0.606~0.790)、常住乡村(OR=0.377,95%CI:0.324~0.439)是发生CHD的保护因素。母亲初产分娩(OR=1.274,95%CI:1.124~1.444)、多胎(OR=1.282,95%CI:1.229~1.347)、早产(OR_(28~31周)=21.589,95%CI:17.124~27.219;OR_(32~33周)=13.131,95%CI:10.404~16.573;OR_(34~36周)=3.971,95%CI:3.380~4.665)、低出生体重(OR=7.222,95%CI:6.346~8.219)和巨大儿(OR=1.651,95%CI:1.227~2.221)是发生CHD的危险因素。结论 2020—2022年柳州市新生儿CHD发生率呈上升趋势,不同母婴特征的新生儿CHD发生率存在差异,应针对相关危险因素采取综合措施减少和预防CHD的发生。Objective To analyze the incidence of congenital heart disease(CHD)and its trend changes in Liuzhou City from 2020 to 2022,to understand the factors influencing CHD,and to provide a scientific basis for reducing the incidence rate of CHD.Methods A total of 109,159 newborns born in Liuzhou City were screened for CHD by census from January 1,2020 to December 31,2022.General demographic data and influencing factors related to CHD were collected.Multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the factors influencing the incidence of neonatal CHD.Results The incidence rate of neonatal CHD in Liuzhou City during 2020-2022 showed an upward trend(χ^(2)_(trend)=147.920,P<0.001).The incidence rate of neonatal CHD in 2022 was 1.50%,with an increase of 0.91%compared with that in 2020.There were 1,138 neonates with CHD,and the incidence rate of CHD was 1.04%.The risk of CHD incidence was higher in the maternal group aged 35-55 years(OR35-39 years old=1.428,95%CI:1.208-1.687;OR40-55 years old=1.650,95%CI:1.277-2.132)than in the maternal group aged 25-29 years,but lower in the Miao(OR=0.472,95%CI:0.348-0.641)and Dong(OR=0.595,95%CI:0.439-0.807)ethnic groups than in the Han.No obvious risk for CHD incidence was observed in the Zhuang and Yao ethnic groups.Maternal household registration in rural areas(OR=0.692,95%CI:0.606-0.790)and permanent residence in rural areas(OR=0.377,95%CI:0.324-0.439)were protective factors for CHD incidence.The risk factors for CHD incidence were primiparous delivery(OR=1.274,95%CI:1.124-1.444),multiple births(OR=1.282,95%CI:1.229-1.347),preterm birth(OR_(28-31 weeks)=21.589,95%CI:17.124-27.219;OR_(32-33 weeks)=13.131,95%CI:10.404-16.573;OR_(34-36 weeks)=3.971,95%CI:3.380-4.665),low birth weight(OR=7.222,95%CI:6.346-8.219)and macrosomia(OR=1.651,95%CI:1.227-2.221).Conclusion The incidence rate of neonatal CHD among newborns in Liuzhou City during 2020-2022 showed an increasing trend,and there were differences in the incidence rates of CHD among newborns with different m

关 键 词：先天性心脏病 发病趋势 影响因素 新生儿 

分 类 号：R725.4[医药卫生—儿科]