2013—2022年宜昌市自然疫源性疾病和虫媒传染病的流行特征与防控策略  

Epidemic characteristics and control strategies of natural focus and insect-borne infectious diseases in Yichang City,2013-2022

作　　者：易勇 赵鑫[1] 张皓[1] 刘建华[1] 魏婷[1] 李慧甫[1] YI Yong;ZHAO Xin;ZHANG Hao;LIU Jianhua;WEI Ting;LI Huifu(Yichang Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yichang,Hubei 443000,China)

机构地区：[1]宜昌市疾病预防控制中心,湖北宜昌443000

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2024年第11期1314-1316,共3页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：宜昌市指导性科技计划项目(B22-2-013)

摘　　要：目的 分析2013—2022年湖北省宜昌市自然疫源性疾病和虫媒传染病的流行病学特征,为制定防控策略提供依据。方法 收集整理2013—2022年宜昌市自然疫源性疾病和虫媒传染病的监测数据,对其流行病学特征进行分析。结果 2013—2022年宜昌市共报告自然疫源性疾病和虫媒传染病9种318例,年均报告发病率为0.78/10万;报告死亡49例,年均报告死亡率为0.12/10万。报告发病数较多的病种主要为疟疾、流行性出血热、狂犬病、布鲁氏菌病和登革热,其中疟疾和登革热均为输入性病例。1月和5—7月为发病高峰,14个县(市、区)均有病例发生,西陵区报告疟疾和当阳市报告流行性出血热病例最多。男性发病率高于女性(χ^(2)=153.291,P<0.001)。35~55岁年龄组病例数最多,职业以农民为主,占38.36%。结论 宜昌市自然疫源性疾病和虫媒传染病发病趋势总体平稳,主要以输入性疟疾和本地流行性出血热病例为主,防控策略为加强病例和虫媒监测,早发现早报告早处置;加强对外出务工、旅游人员的防病知识宣传;针对性开展爱国卫生运动,加大虫媒孳生场所清理。Objective To analyze the epidemiological features of natural focus and insect-borne infectious diseases in Yichang City,Hubei Province from 2013 to 2022,and to provide a basis for developing prevention and control strategies.Methods The surveillance data about natural focus and insect-borne infectious diseases in Yichang City during 2013-2022 were collected,and the epidemiological features were analyzed.Results A total of 318 cases regarding 9 kinds of natural focus and insect-borne infectious diseases were reported in Yichang City during 2013-2022,with an average annual reported incidence rate of 0.78/100,000.There were 49 death cases reported,with an average annual reported mortality rate of 0.12/100,000.The main diseases with a large number of reported cases were malaria,epidemic hemorrhagic fever(EHF),rabies,brucellosis and dengue fever,among which the imported cases were due to malaria and dengue fever.The incidence peaked in January and May-July,and the cases were reported in all 14 counties(cities and districts).The area reporting the largest number of malaria cases was Xiling District,while the area reporting the largest number of EHF cases was Dangyang City.The incidence rate was higher in males than in females(χ^(2)=153.291,P<0.001).Most of the cases were in the group aged 35-55 years,and the occupation was mainly farmers,accounting for 38.36%.Conclusion The trend in the incidence of natural focus and insect-borne infectious diseases in Yichang City is generally stable,and most of the cases are imported malaria and local EHF.Prevention and control strategies include enhancing case and vector surveillance,early detection,early reporting and early disposal,strengthening the publicity about disease prevention knowledge among migrant workers and tourists,conducting targeted patriotic health campaigns,and intensifying the cleaning of insect breeding sites.

关 键 词：自然疫源性疾病 虫媒传染病 流行病学特征 策略 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R51[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]